摘要：Limitations of monolayer culture conditions have motivated scientists to explore new models that can recapitulate the architecture and function of human organs more *** advances in the improvement of protocols have resulted in establishing three-dimensional(3D)organ-like architectures called‘organoids’that can display the characteristics of their corresponding real organs,including morphological features,functional activities,and personalized responses to specific *** discuss different organoid-based 3D models herein,which are classified based on their original germinal *** of organoids simulating the complexity of real tissues could provide novel platforms and opportunities for generating practical knowledge along with preclinical studies,including drug screening,toxicology,and molecular pathophysiology of *** paper also outlines the key challenges,advantages,and prospects of current organoid systems.