摘要：The practical application of high-energy lithium–sulfur battery is plagued with two deadly *** is the“shuttle effect”originated from the sulfur cathode,and the other is the low Coulombic efficiency and security issues arising from the lithium metal *** addressing these issues,we propose a novel silicon-sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile)full *** this lithium metal-free system,the Li source is pre-loaded in the cathode,using a nitrogen evolution reaction(NER)to implant Li+into the silicon/carbon *** poly(acrylonitrile)based on a solid–solid conversion mechanism can fundamentally circumvent the“shuttle effect”.Meanwhile,the silicon/carbon anode can achieve more efficient utiliza-tion and higher security when compared with the Li metal *** full cell used in this technology can deliver a capacity of 1169.3 mAh g^(-1),and it can be stabilized over 100 cycles,implying its excellent elec-trochemical ***,the practical pouch cell with a high sulfur loading of 4.2 mg cm^(-2)can achieve a high specific energy of 513.2 Wh *** mechanism of the NER in cathode has also been investigated and analyzed by in situ ***,this battery design completely conforms to the current battery production technology because of the degassing of gasbag,resulting in a low manufactur-ing *** work will open the avenue to develop a lithium metal-free battery using the NER.

摘要：There are various strategies to conduct tumor microenvironment(TME)stimulus-responsive(e.g.,acid,H_(2)O_(2)or glutathione)nanoreactors for increasing the efficiency of chemodynamic therapy(CDT).Among these,the exploitation of adenosine triphosphate(ATP,another overexpressed biomarker in TME)-responsive nanoreactors for tumor CDT is still ***,the ATP-responsive iron-doped CDs(FeCDs)were firstly prepared and then coassembled with glucose oxidase(GOx)to obtain FeCDs/GOx liposomes as ATP-responsive *** TME conditions,the nanoreactors initially released FeCDs and ***,with the existence of ATP,iron ions were rapidly released from the FeCDs to trigger Fenton/Fenton-like reactions for generating·***,the T_(1)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was achieved due to the released iron ***,the GOx converted endogenous glucose in tumor to gluconic acid and H_(2)O_(2)to satisfy the requirement of·OH *** vitro as well as in vivo experiments illustrated that the obtained ATP-responsive CD nanoreactors could be used as a versatile nanotheranostics for simultaneously T_(1)-weighted MRI-guided tumor *** work presents a new ATP-responsive nanoreactor with selfsupplied H_(2)O_(2)for multifunctional nanotheranostic applications.

摘要：The effect of tumor-targeted photodynamic therapy（PDT） was improved by designing nanotheranostics to promote oxygenation in a tumor microenvironment（TME）wherein hypoxia, acidosis, and the elevated levels of H2O2 are three main characteristics. In this study, a carbon dot（CD）PDT agent recently developed by our group was firstly applied as reducing agent to react with potassium permanganate for fabricating CDs/manganese dioxide（CDs/MnO2） composites,which were in turn modified with polyethylene glycol（PEG） to form water-soluble CDs/MnO2-PEG nanohybrids. In a normal physiological environment, the as-prepared nanohybrids exhibited quenched fluorescence, weak singlet oxygen generation, and low magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） ***, given the high sensitivity of MnO2 to the TME, the CDs/MnO2-PEG nanohybrids changed from an ＂off＂ to an＂on＂ state with synchronously enhanced fluorescence, singlet oxygen generation, and MRI signal in the TME. In vitro and in vivo analyses have revealed that CDs/MnO2-PEG nanohybrids could be applied as TME-driven, turn-on nanotheranostics for the MR/fluorescence bimodal imaging-guided PDT of ***, complete clearance of CDs/MnO2-PEG nanohybrids from the body of mice was observed, indicating their low long-term toxicity and good biocompatibility. This work offers a new nanotheranostic candidate for modulating the unfavorable TME, particularly for the targeted PDT of cancer through precise positioning and oxygen generation.

摘要：超疏水材料由于其独特的非浸润性引起人们的广泛关注,近年来得到迅猛发展,各种适用于不同领域的功能性超疏水表面应运而生。其中,透明超疏水材料因其在光学领域的特殊贡献受到人们的青睐。透明疏水涂层技术对于实际应用具有重要的意义,透明涂层不仅可以满足光学器件防护的高透光率,还可以维持防护本体的基本外观,在自清洁、防污、防冰防雾、防腐蚀等领域都展示出广阔的应用前景。本文系统地阐述了超疏水表面以及其中功能性的透明超疏水表面的最新进展、表面的设计、制造和重要应用。尽管已经取得了重大进展,但是目前超疏水材料在耐久性方面还存在诸多问题,例如,容易被机械外力破坏、极端环境下表面的超疏水性质不稳定以及老化等问题,限制了透明疏水涂层技术的大范围应用。在未来的研究中,一方面继续丰富相关的理论知识,为透明疏水涂层技术的应用提供更多的理论支持,另一方面,提高涂层的透明度和机械耐久性能仍是未来研究的重中之重。

摘要：仿生螺旋结构纤维增强复合材料是受生物外骨骼和鳞片微观结构启发而设计的一种新型复合材料。该结构通过在单向铺层中引入的层间转角,能够显著降低复合材料在受载时的层间应力,从而提高层间粘接性能和抗冲击能力。本文综述并评价了仿生螺旋灵感的来源、常见的构型与制备工艺、静/动态力学性能的研究现状及应用前景,分析了仿生螺旋复合材料的动/静态力学响应及其力学机理,仿生螺旋铺层作为一种新兴设计思路对提升纤维增强复合材料刚度、强度及韧性等具有显著优势。通过总结现有仿生螺旋结构在复合材料领域的研究进展与不足,对未来的发展方向进行了探讨与展望。本文的研究成果对于设计力学性能优异的仿生复合材料具有理论和实践指导意义。

摘要：近年来流感频发,针对传统靶点抗流感药物(如扎那米韦和奥司他韦)的耐药病毒大量出现,迫切需求开发新靶点、新作用机制的抗流感药物。本研究针对流感病毒血凝素(HA)底物结合位点附近的赖氨酸(Lys133和Lys222),设计了系列具有共价结合潜力的唾液酸类化合物(1a–1h)。活性研究表明该系列化合物对两种流感病毒HA蛋白的结合力较母体化合物唾液酸(SA)有明显提升,其中化合物1d与阳性化合物2,6-唾液酸乳糖胺(2,6-SLN)持平(KD=38.2和39.6μM);该系列化合物安全无毒(对MDCK细胞CC50>1 mM),其中化合物1d可有效抑制流感病毒在MDCK细胞中的复制。本研究提出了基于流感病毒HA的共价抑制新策略,深入发掘有望获得新型强效HA抑制剂。

摘要：随着全球对可再生能源,尤其是太阳能光伏发电需求的增加,传统光伏电站的运维管理面临着分布广泛、数量众多和运行环境复杂等挑战。为解决这些问题,文章分析了传统光伏运维管理业务流程,创新性地融合了物联网技术和大数据分析技术,设计并构建了智慧运维管理平台。该平台能够实时采集和监控光伏电站的运行数据,实现远程监控、智能分析和优化控制,从而提高运维效率,降低成本,保障电站的安全稳定运行。文章以萧山万鼎户用光伏电站为实践案例,展示了智慧运维技术的成功应用。这一实践不仅提升了光伏电站的运维管理水平,还为类似电站的运维管理提供了借鉴和参考。

摘要：随着物联网的发展,在未来6G通信中,将会产生众多实时性应用场景。在低时延的数据处理需求的驱动下,移动边缘计算将成为提升用户体验和降低网络成本的重要技术。然而,单一的边缘服务器计算能力有限,很难满足计算密集型应用的低时延数据处理需求。设计了一种异构的多层边缘计算(HetMEC,heterogeneous multi-layer mobile edge computing)网络架构,综合利用云计算中心和多层边缘服务器的计算和传输资源,通过合理分割卸载计算任务,共同为边缘应用提供可靠、高效的计算服务。实验证明,HetMEC网络架构可以有效降低处理时延,提升网络处理速率和稳健性。

摘要：全球变暖对人类的生产生活造成了严重的威胁,已成为当今世界面临的重大挑战之一.碳中和这一重要举措能够有效缓解全球变暖的进程,在这一背景下光催化CO_(2)还原可有效减少碳排放且促进碳循环.g-C_(3)N_(4)因其制备工艺简单、稳定性高、能带位置适宜以及优异的光催化性能而备受关注.因此,提高g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化CO_(2)还原效率是当前研究的热点问题.本文重点探究了碳中和对于全球生态平衡和环境可持续发展的重要性以及在碳中和背景下g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化CO_(2)还原的重要作用和发展前景;综述了目前解决限制g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化CO_(2)还原瓶颈问题的方法和技术手段.对g-C_(3)N_(4)在光催化CO_(2)还原领域存在的问题进行讨论,提出了未来的研究方向,并进行展望.本综述旨在为碳中和背景下基于g-C_(3)N_(4)催化剂光催化CO_(2)还原的应用提供理论支持,为基于g-C_(3)N_(4)高效CO_(2)还原光催化剂的设计提供思路.

摘要：针对目前无人机航拍图像小目标检测算法存在的漏检、误检、精度与速度不平衡等问题,提出复合特征与多尺度融合的无人机小目标检测算法CM-YOLOv8s(composite and multi-scale YOLOv8s)。通过在空间金字塔池化模块引入通道特征,实现目标复合特征质量提升;通过重建模型颈部结构,提高目标细节特征的保留比例;通过设计DRHead检测头,实现多尺度特征检测图融合,增强多尺度目标检测适应性;通过采用Wise-IoU损失函数提升模型收敛速度。相比于基准算法,改进后的CM-YOLOv8s算法参数量仅为3.5×10^(6),参数量降低了69%。实验结果表明,提出的CM-YOLOv8s算法在数据集VisDrone2019上的mAP50显著提升了6.8个百分点;同时,在UAV-DT和DIOR数据集上验证了提出算法的泛化性和有效性。