摘要：Fe3O4 is a promising high-capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries, but challenges including short cycle life and low rate capability hinder its widespread implementation. In this work, a well-defined tubular structure constructed by carbon-coated Fe3O4 has been successfully fabricated with hierarchically porous structure, high surface area, and suitable thickness of carbon layer. Such purposely designed hybrid nanostructures have an enhanced electronic/ionic conductivity, stable electrode/electrolyte interface, and physical buffering effect arising from the nanoscale combination of carbon with Fe3O4, as well as the hollow, aligned and hierarchically porous architectures. When used as an anode material for a lithium-ion half cell, the carbon-coated hierarchical Fe3O4 nanotubes showed excellent cycling performance with a specific capacity of 1,020 mAh.g^-1 at 200 mA.g^-1 after 150 cycles, a capacity retention of ca. 103%. Even at a higher current density of 1,000 mA·g^-1, a capacity of 840 mAh·g^-1 is retained after 300 cycles with no capacity loss. In particular, a superior rate capability can be obtained with a stable capacity of 355 mAh.g^-1 at 8,000 mA·g^-1. The encouraging results indicate that hierarchically tubular hybrid nanostructures can have important implications for the development of high-rate electrodes for future rechargeable lithium ion batteries （LIBs）.

摘要：We report on two strategies to design and implement the galvanometer-based laser-scanning mechanisms for the realization of reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) microscopy systems. The RCM system uses a resonant galvanometer scanner driven by a home-built field-programmable gate array circuit with a novel dual-trigger mode and a home-built high-speed data acquisition card. The SRS system uses linear galvanometers with commercially available modules. We demonstrate video-rate high-resolution imaging at 11 frames per second of in vivo human skin with the RCM system and label-free biomolecular imaging of cancer cells with the SRS system. A comparison of the two strategies for controlling galvanometer scanners provides scientific and technical reference for future design and commercialization of various laser-scanning microscopes using galvanometers.

摘要：Negative thermal expansion(NTE),as an abnormal physical behavior,has been followed by scientists’attention over the past 30 years,due to its fascinating physical mechanisms and the prospect of high-precision thermal expansion control[1-5].Although some NTE materials(alloys[6],cyanides[7],fluorides[8-10],nitrides[11],oxides[12,13],MOFs[14-16],etc.)have been found,their number and variety are still very small,limiting their *** and designing new NTE materials is an important and challenging topic for the development of the field of *** have been continually reviewing and summarizing obtained results to look to the future of NTE[17-23].

摘要：以图像处理技术为载体的农业植保无人机导航系统可以依靠图像处理能力和图像识别能力,保障农业植保无人机实现任务的效率和精度,精准且高效地达成农药喷洒目标。本文以图像处理技术和视觉导航关键技术为切入点,探讨了农业植保无人机导航系统的设计以及图像处理技术的应用,阐述了无人机导航系统的设计和使用方法。

摘要：氢的安全高效存储是氢能产业发展的关键技术难点,利用液相有机氢载体(liquid organic hydrogen carriers,LOHCs)可以有效地进行氢气的储存与输运.由于LOHCs的脱氢是高能耗的吸热过程,开发高性能、高选择性、低成本的脱氢催化剂便成为LOHCs技术应用的关键.本文综述了近年来全氢化N-乙基咔唑、全氢化二苄基甲苯、甲基环己烷三类LOHC的脱氢催化剂设计的研究进展,重点讨论了LOHCs的脱氢机理及其调控方法,并对该领域的发展进行了展望.

摘要：为解决钢桥面铺装耐久性不足问题，以两种双层沥青玛蹄脂混合料(stone mastic asphalt, SMA)铺装结构为研究对象，采用有限元分析方法确定典型桥面板最不利荷载位置，计算对比两种结构在该荷载位置下的力学响应，优选钢桥面铺装结构组合并提出设计指标要求；其次，室内制备A、B两种高黏高弹改性沥青，以沥青胶结料及混合料路用性能为考察标准，对比分析胶结料类型对钢桥面铺装沥青混合料路用性能的影响规律，优选沥青胶结料类型；最后，借助室内拉拔及斜剪试验，对铺装层与钢板之间的层间黏结状况进行评价，并结合实体工程对最不利温度条件下铺筑层的黏结性能进行检验。结果表明：跨中位置为钢桥面的最不利荷位，应以铺装层在该位置的拉应力、竖向位移及层底剪应力作为钢桥面铺装的主要设计指标；所设计的两种铺装结构力学响应规律一致，其中，结构2(SMA-13+SMA-10+沥青胶砂)的竖向位移及层底剪应力较小，宜作为优选结构；A、B高黏高弹改性沥青的路用性能较SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物)改性沥青优势显著，又以A高黏高弹改性沥青性能最优，用其制备的混合料路用性能最为优异；拉拔试验测试结果表明，25℃及60℃温度条件下铺装层-钢板间黏结强度均满足设计要求，工程应用地区铺装结构层内温度呈周期变化规律，最高温度未超60℃,以该温度层间黏结强度作为设计指标科学合理，同时不利温度下实体工程各结构层间黏结强度均满足设计要求。

摘要：In order to meet the application requirement of a certain long wavelength infrared （LWIR） seeker, a small volume, light weight and passively athermalized infrared OR） objective is designed in this paper. The two-lens telephoto struc- ture is adopted by merely using aluminum alloy as the housing material. By balancing the thermo-optical coefficient and thermal expansion coefficient of materials, an athermalized IR seeker with effective focal length of 90 mm and F number of 1.2 is achieved. The whole optical length is 75 ram, and the weight is only 234 g. The objective can remain fine imaging quality under temperature range from -40 ℃ to 60 ℃, which is beneficial to the lightweight design oflR seekers.

摘要：2022年工业源颗粒物排放为305.7万吨,占全国废气中颗粒物总排放量的62.0%。为了减少工业废气中的粉尘颗粒物对环境及人体产生的危害,需设计一种高效的工业烟气除尘装置。研究中以工业中产生的石英砂、滑石粉和碳化硅粉尘为实验原料,以柱状旋风除尘器为研究对象,通过实验分析了入口气速、粉尘颗粒的粒径尺寸等因素对柱状旋风分离器的除尘性能影响。该装置对中值粒径D_(50)=14.93μm的石英砂颗粒的整体分离效果最优,对中值粒径D_(50)=10.96μm的滑石粉颗粒的去除效果次之,对中值粒径D_(50)=6.8μm的碳化硅颗粒的分离效果最差。研究结果可为工业除尘及环境的可持续性发展提供支撑。

摘要：目的:比较两种固定性内斜视手术方案的术后效果。方法:回顾性分析我院11a来26例45眼固定性内斜视患者手术治疗过程。2000-01/2006-12采用内直肌断腱联合外直肌超常量缩短术式(术式I)治疗17眼,2007-01/2010-12采用内直肌断腱联合外直肌折叠并固定于颞侧眶骨膜术(术式Ⅱ)治疗28眼。结果:采用术式I的17眼,术后第1d有4眼发现内斜>15°,即行外直肌眶骨膜固定于过矫5°～10°,术后随访1a左右眼位外斜5°左右。13眼随访6～18mo,其中7眼复发内斜10°～30°,均行外直肌眶骨膜固定并过矫于外斜5°～10°,术后随访1a以上眼位在外斜5°左右。采用术式Ⅱ的28眼,术后第1d复查发现眼位均过矫与术中设计情况类似,出院后随访1～2a术眼眼位均在外斜5°左右,2例随访3～4a,眼位轻微外斜5°以内。结论:常规固定性内斜视手术治疗不能达到较好的治疗效果且逐渐回退,内直肌断腱联合外直肌超常量缩短术式手术效果良好,安全简便,手术成功率高,术后长期随访回退率低,是值得推广的手术方式。

摘要：针对低渗透老油田老井侧向深部剩余油气资源动用难度大的问题,形成了柔性侧钻水平井挖潜技术,并开展了现场试验。该技术首先采用柔性侧钻钻具在老井筒中实现低成本侧钻,然后采用水力喷射工艺诱导多条裂缝起裂,最后下入油管柱对侧钻井眼实施笼统多簇暂堵压裂,从而实现井间剩余储量的高效挖潜。该技术包含柔性侧钻水平井钻井和侧钻水平井压裂2项技术,前者主要涉及柔性钻杆结构和材料优化、钻进工艺、密闭取心工具3个方面,后者主要涉及压裂方案优化、压裂工具及实施工艺优化2个方面。该技术在长庆安塞油田开展了多轮现场试验,发现通过改变井型、缩小油水井排距,可以较好地建立压力驱替系统,实现压力的有效传导,从而达到低产低效井提液增产的目的,同时验证了该技术可为低渗透油藏剩余储量精准挖潜、储层精细动用提供有力支撑。