摘要：A microwave-H202 process for sludge pretreatment exhibited high efticiencies of releasing organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus, but large quantifies of H202 residues were detected. A uniform design method was thus employed in this study to further optimize H202 dosage by investigating effects of pH and H202 dosage on the amount of 1-I202 residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus. A regression model was established with pH and H202 dosage as the independent variables, and H202 residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus as the dependent variables. In the optimized microwave-H202 process, the pH value of the sludge was firstly adjusted to 11.0, then the sludge was heated to 80~C and H202 was dosed at a H202 ：mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） ratio of 0.2, and the sludge was finally heated to 100~C by microwave irradiation. Compared to the microwave-H202 process without optimization, the H202 dosage and the utilization rate of H202 in the optimized microwave-H202 process were reduced by 80% and greatly improved by 3.87 times, respectively, when the H202：MLSS dosage ratio was decreased from 1.0 to 0.2, resulting in nearly the same release rate of soluble chemical oxygen demand in the microwave-H202 process without optimization at H202：MLSS ratio of 0.5.

摘要：截至2009年底,全国投运的城镇污水处理设施共1 916座,总设计处理能力10 594万m3/d,平均日处理水量8 132万m3/d,设施平均利用率为76.8%。对污水处理厂设计处理规模的统计分析表明:以小型污水处理厂(5万m3/d以下)增长最为迅速;大型污水处理厂和采用氧化沟工艺的污水处理厂的平均利用率均相对较好;污水处理厂的建设以及污水处理能力存在显著的地域分布特点,除了大西北地区,其他七大区域的平均利用率均在70%以上;城镇污水处理能力与GDP具有较好的线性相关性。污水处理厂的建设应因地制宜地选择合适的主体工艺类型和设计规模,有效提高设施利用率。

摘要：新污染物治理为有毒有害化学物质环境风险管理注入强劲动力,系统设计构建有毒有害化学物质全生命周期环境风险管理制度,对提升生态环境风险管理能力具有重要意义。本文梳理分析了欧美有毒有害化学物质环境风险管理制度现状,对比研究了我国差距,聚焦新污染物治理工作部署,系统谋划我国有毒有害化学物质全生命周期环境风险管理制度,建议分优先次序逐步健全制度体系,紧扣风险评估科学合理设置管控目标,提升能力水平推动工业绿色高质量发展,以期为新污染物治理和有毒有害化学物质环境风险管理制度建设提供借鉴参考。