摘要：Perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)performance is essentially limited by severe non-radiative losses and ion *** numerous strategies have been proposed,challenges remain in the basic understanding of their ***,we report a dielectric-screening-enhancement effect for perovskite defects by using organic semiconductors with finely tuned molecular structures from the atoms *** method produced various perovskite films with high dielectric constant values,reduced charge capture regions,suppressed ion migration,and it provides an efficient charge transport pathway for suppressing non-radiative recombination beyond the passivation *** resulting pero-SCs showed a promising power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.35%with a high open-circuit voltage(1.22 V);and the 1-cm^(2) pero-SCs maintained an excellent PCE(21.93%),showing feasibility for scalable *** robust operational and thermal stabilities revealed that this method paved a new way to understand the degradation mechanism of pero-SCs,promoting the efficiency,stability and scaled fabrication of the pero-SCs.

摘要：前悬架螺旋弹簧在台架试验进行到9万次时发生断裂,为找出断裂原因,对断裂螺旋弹簧进行了断口分析、化学成分分析和显微组织分析;随后对同批次的弹簧进行疲劳性能试验和刚度性能试验;对制造螺旋弹簧同批次的钢丝进行了力学性能分析。结果表明,断裂螺旋弹簧的断裂属单向弯曲大应力疲劳断裂,裂纹起源于螺旋弹簧侧表面缺陷处。螺旋弹簧在成分、显微组织、力学性能、疲劳性能、刚度性能等方面均满足设计要求。分析表明,螺旋弹簧选材合理,制造工艺流程合理,设计余量充足,断裂的根本原因是弹簧侧表面缺陷存在导致应力集中,在外载荷作用下发生大应力疲劳断裂。

摘要：针对整车前脸外观精度公差累积大、匹配难的问题,通过优化车身结构及焊接层级,保证外观件安装点的功能尺寸,达到前脸安装点尺寸归零的设计目的,从而保证整车外观件的匹配精致感。通过优化车身结构,保证安装面方向可调,通过夹具适配,可将前脸外观件安装面的功能尺寸由原先的±1.0 mm提高至±0.5 mm。