摘要：When Elizabethan＇s wer. tr.ined to r.ad and wr.te, the handwr.ting they fir.t lear.ed was ＂Secr.tar.＂ （or.＂Secr.tar.al＂） hand, r.flecting the style used by monks and scr.bes well back into the Middle Ages. Only in the mid-1500s did an alter.ative hand called ＂Italic＂ （or.＂Italianate＂） slowly begin to be adopted as a second hand, r.flecting handwr.ting used on the continent, and Italic was r.r.r.than Secr.tar. until well after.1600. Today, extant Elizabethan handwr.ting samples nor.ally show each per.on used both hand styles, and wher. only one hand is extant for.a given per.on, it is usually a Secr.tar. hand. Thus, it＇s a sur.r.se that two noblemen, the gr.at William Cecil, Lor. Bur.hley, and his son-in-law Edwar. DeVer., the 17th Ear. of Oxfor., ar. each assumed to have only Italic hand samples among their.voluminous collections of handwr.ting. Did they not lear. and never.use Secr.tar. hands, or.is it that any Secr.tar. hands in their.documents ar. simply pr.sumed to be wr.tten by cler.s？ This ar.icle begins with questioning whether.the two men r.ally wer. limited to Italic hands, fmds a few plausible Secr.tar. hand samples for.one of them （possibly for.both）, r.constr.cts a hypothetical Italic alphabet for.him, and nominates many candidate manuscr.pts （MSS, singular.MS） for.having been wr.tten or.contr.buted to by him, some of which may be r.levant to Shakespear. studies. Other.subjects touched on ar. calligr.phy, a cler. （or.amanuensis）, and gr.ffe de notair. （liter.lly a ＂notar.＇s scr.tch＂, or.identifying scr.bble）.

摘要：马克思主义的社会主义观是价值目的、科学方法与制度设计三位一体的。像任何经济体制一样,社会主义经济体制是制度设计和自发发展的力量互相推动的结果。在经济落后的国家进行社会主义建设,发展战略的选择对于经济体制的形成具有特别重要的影响。从马克思主义创始人对社会主义经济体制的最初设计到中国的市场取向改革,以及整个20世纪社会主义的经验表明,在社会主义经济体制的创立过程中,既要重视制度设计,又要为自发发展留出足够的空间。

摘要：某些艺术作品体现出来的“无限”性具有极高的审美价值,而此种特性非常稀有.通常,杰作凭借其表现出的“终结”性使自身得以从日常生活里混乱的偶然事件中突现出来,从而显得与众不同.文艺复兴艺术中的许多范例具有这种特性.举拉斐尔的“阿尔巴家圣母”(藏于华盛顿……

摘要：We elucidate her. the pr.cess-str.ctur.-pr.per.y r.lationships in thr.e-dimensional（3 D） implantable titanium alloy biomater.als pr.cessed by electr.n beam melting（EBM） that is based on the pr.nciple of additive manufactur.ng. The conventional methods for.pr.cessing of biomedical devices including fr.eze casting and sinter.ng ar. limited because of the difficulties in adaptation at the host site and differ.nce in the micr./macr.str.ctur., mechanical, and physical pr.per.ies with the host tissue. In this r.gar., EBM has a unique advantage of pr.cessing patient-specific complex designs, which can be either.obtained fr.m the computed tomogr.phy（CT） scan of the defect site or.thr.ugh a computer.ided design（CAD） pr.gr.m. This r.view intr.duces and summar.zes the evolution and under.ying r.asons that have motivated 3 D pr.nting of scaffolds for.tissue *** over.iew compr.ses of two par.s for.obtaining ultimate functionalities. The fir.t par. focuses on obtaining the ultimate functionalities in ter.s of mechanical pr.per.ies of 3 D titanium alloy scaffolds fabr.cated by EBM with differ.nt char.cter.stics based on design, unit cell, pr.cessing par.meter., scan speed, por.sity, and heat tr.atment. The second par. focuses on the advancement of enhancing biological r.sponses of these 3 D scaffolds and the influence of sur.ace modification on cell-mater.al inter.ctions. The over.iew concludes with a discussion on the clinical tr.als of these 3 D por.us scaffolds illustr.ting their.potential in meeting the cur.ent needs of the biomedical industr..

摘要：学术界关于“文学理论危机”的讨论十分热烈。“危机论”的出现反映了我们对文学理论繁荣的期待和憧憬,文学理论的危机表现在理论和实践的各个层面。究其原因,文学理论的危机与批评家和理论家缺乏问题意识密切相关,强化问题意识是克服危机的重要方法。

摘要：卢顿特别喜欢在自己的电影里面设计一些将观众吓得透不过气的场面.他称这些突然惊吓的场面为'busses'.这一叫法源自影片中'中央公园'一场戏.

摘要：Digital filter. play a key r.le in the field of digital signal pr.cessing. This paper.pr.sents a linear.phase digital low pass finite impulse r.sponse (FIr. filter.design using par.icle swar. optimization and its two new var.ants, dynamic and adjustable par.icle swar. optimization (DAPSO) and par.icle swar. optimization with var.able acceler.tion factor.(PSO-VAF) and illustr.tes the super.or.ty of the PSO-VAF method over.PSO based methods. Two fitness functions ar. consider.d. The fitness1 is used to find the possible minimum r.pples in pass band and stop band in case of PSO, DAPSO and PSO-VAF. Fitness2 is able to contr.l the r.pples in both bands separ.tely. A compar.son of simulation r.sults demonstr.tes the per.or.ance of PSO and its methods in designing digital low pass FIr.filter..

摘要：目的为探讨牛裂体吸虫(Schistosoma bovis)在裂体属内的系统发生位置,测定牛裂体吸虫线粒体基因部分序列,并分析该编码区域的基因序列和基因排序。方法以GNT-K法抽提牛裂体吸虫成虫基因组DNA,用兼并和特异引物扩增目的基因。扩增产物经纯化后克隆于pGEM1T质粒载体,并转化大肠埃希菌。抽提和纯化阳性质粒DNA,并测序。以纯化后的阳性质粒DNA为模板,根据已获得的序列设计内部特异引物,采用引物步移法获得全长目的片段。在GenBank中查找曼氏血吸虫等相关血吸虫线粒体基因序列,作基因排序及比较分析后,以邻接法绘制系统发生树。结果测定了牛裂体吸虫线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶亚基Ⅳ～Ⅰ基因序列(nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide dehydr.genase subunit4-1gene,nad4-nad1),其长度为2214bp。分析该编码区基因排序为nad4-tr.Q(Gln)-tr.K(Lys)-nad3-tr.D(Asp)-nad1。牛裂体吸虫在该区域的线粒体基因排序与非洲支系血吸虫相似,与亚洲支系血吸虫有很大的不同;根据牛裂体吸虫与其他8种吸虫部分nad4,nad3,部分nad1和部分nad4+nad3+nad1基因序列比对结果,分别构建系统发生树。结果表明,牛裂体吸虫与埃及血吸虫位于同一簇,归属于非洲血吸虫支系,这与由基因排序推测的牛裂体吸虫的系统发生位置结果相一致。结论牛裂体吸虫属于非洲支系而非亚洲支系血吸虫。

摘要：本文给出了一种三进制双正交对称小波的设计方法.在给定插值紧支撑对称尺度函数的情况下,指出了如果对偶尺度函数同为紧支撑插值的,则它们同为1-型对称.并且给出了对偶尺度函数为紧支撑插值和非插值情况下的通解计算公式.还提出了频率优化方法设计对偶尺度函数和小波函数,把双正交条件归结为线性约束的二次规划问题,最后通过线性方程组来求解.对于小波函数本文也给出了一组特解公式.

摘要：在均匀床层模型的基础上,用数值方法分析了羊毛床层不均匀对抽气转鼓干燥机性能的影响。提出了描述床层厚度分布的数学模型式。研究结果表明,进料不均匀分布导致产品平均湿含量增大和干燥机生产能力下降,因此进行干燥机设计时,可以在物料均匀分布模型设计的基础上,生产能力适当留有余地。