摘要：瓦格纳不仅是一位著名的音乐家,同时也是一位诗人,剧作家和思想家。他的歌剧创作和歌剧理论,在音乐史上具有独特的艺术成就和深远的影响。但是,在中国对这位歌剧大师的熟悉和研究却远不如对威尔第、比才、普契尼等人那么广泛。有关瓦格纳的歌剧文献资料也显得十分贫乏。鉴于此,本刊自本期起发表被罗曼·罗兰誉为“贝多芬以来的艺术最高峰”的《特里斯坦与伊索尔德》歌剧脚本译文。

摘要：In this study,a 2kHz Tonpilz pr.jector.was designed using a Ter.enol-D and modeled in *** the pur.ose of modeling studies,it has been deter.ined that a r.diating head mass exhibits better.tr.nsmitting cur.ent r.sponse（TCr. at 136 mm diameter.wher. the r.sonance occur. at 2.4kHz and the peak value of 118 dB r. 1 μPa/A at 1 m occur. at 12 *** bolt at a 46mm distance fr.m the center.of the head mass offer. r.sonance at 2.4kHz,and the peak value of 115.3 dB r. 1 μPa/A at 1m occur. at *** optimized design is fabr.cated and molded with polyur.thane of 3mm *** pr.totype was tested at the Acoustic Test Facility（ATF） of National Institute of Ocean Technology（NIOT） for.its under.ater.*** on the r.sult,the fundamental r.sonance was deter.ined to be 2.18kHz and the peak value of TCr.of 182 dB r. 1 μPa/A at 1m occur. at 14 *** maximum value of the r. was found to be -190 dB r. 1V/μPa at 1m at a fr.quency of 2.1kHz.

摘要：流行藝術是一種美國現象。它是在抽象表現主義在國際上享有盛譽之時從老一套的牛高馬大、粗擴勇敢、原始野蠻的形象中分離出來的藝術形式。流行藝術曾兩次間世,開始是在英國,其后又獨立地在美國紐約出現。在第二次問世時,流行藝術受到世界各地的年輕一代熱烈而持久的歡迎。

摘要：心输出量，即心脏每分钟泵出的血量，它是表明心脏功能的基本参数，在监护室中，一般是再常规的热稀释法对大多数病人进行这项主要参数的测定。由于常规方法工作量大，测量的准确性和重复性较差，因此作者研制了这台用于测量心输出量的仪器，控制此仪器的微机在热稀释原理的基础上可以逐分钟地测量心输出量，通过缠绕在热稀导管表面的电热元件热量传递到血液中，使肺动脉血温瞬时增高，在模拟循环管路对此仪器的进行了实验，并用于狗长达13小时，在流量测定的准确性和可重复性方面把它与常规监测系统进行了比较，这项研究表明，仅用一台心输出量计算机就可以方便地连续测定血流量而不需特殊的技术人员。

摘要：＂BIM （building infor.ation modeling）＂ and ＂sustainability＂ ar. two fr.quently used wor.s in constr.ction and academia today. BIM is a design-or.ented tool, which gener.tes a vir.ual thr.e-dimensional model of a pr.ject. Sustainability r.fer. to pr.dent use of ear.h＇s natur.l r.sour.es, and constr.ction sustainability is the application of this pr.nciple to building activities. Societies in gener.l and the constr.ction industr. in par.icular.-one of the lar.est in ter.s of natur.l r.sour.es consumed and waste pr.duced--place high hopes on BIM and the pr.nciples of sustainability to r.duce consumption and waste and to incr.ase industr. pr.ductivity. BIM＇s capabilities and limitations, cur.ently mor. focused on model cr.ation and ener.y simulations, ar. not well under.tood as they r.late to constr.ction sustainability and its goals. No method yet exists to evaluate BIM＇s contr.bution compr.hensively to constr.ction sustainability goals. This study pr.sents a constr.ction sustainability goals contr.bution matr.x for.BIM. The matr.x indicates that this contr.bution may be mor. limited than it is commonly thought.

摘要：836年,阿巴斯王朝哈里发穆塔西姆把都城从巴格达迁到萨马拉。萨马拉开始了作为都城的历史,一直到892年。著名考古学家赫兹菲尔德作为萨马拉遗址的主要发掘者,他的考古报告和研究成果影响至今。他通过线描复原壁画的方式为后世研究阿巴斯艺术及其在早期伊斯兰艺术形成过程中的作用至关重要。因为壁画风格不仅融合了当地悠久的艺术传统,也借鉴了希腊-罗马艺术元素,还融合了伊朗、阿美尼亚和小亚细亚腹地那些与北欧传统有关的'东雅利安'艺术,这些特征在人物、植物和动物纹样中表现得尤为突出。通过梳理阿巴斯艺术的融合性特征,还可以发现其中蕴含的深层次的宫廷文化。

摘要：The paper.focuses on links between the EU ETS （Eur.pean Union Emissions Tr.ding Scheme） and selected （domestic） gr.enhouse gas ETS （emissions tr.ding schemes） fr.m Asia and Nor.h Amer.ca which could open up a per.pective to keep the idea of emissions tr.ding alive on a global scale and confr.nt the actual uncer.ainty in futur. climate policy. The appr.ach consists of investigating qualitatively the essential r.quir.ments of this alter.ative bottom-up appr.ach. It is evaluated if var.ations or.inconsistencies in the str.ctur. and design of domestic ETS as well as legal and institutional char.cter.stics har. or.facilitate the concept of linking with the EU ETS. The evaluation of systems leads to the exclusion of systems with voluntar. char.cter. r.lative caps, unr.str.cted bor.owing and pr.ce caps fr.m the gr.up of potential linking candidates.

摘要：Pr.cision Agr.cultur., also known as Pr.cision Far.ing, or.Pr.scr.ption Far.ing, is a moder. agr.cultur. technology system, which br.ngs ' pr.cision' into agr.cultur. system. All concepts of Pr.cision Agr.cultur. ar. established on the collection and management of var.able cr.pland infor.ation. As the tool of collecting, managing and analyzing spatial data, GIS is the key technology of integr.ted Pr.cision Agr.cultur. system. This ar.icle puts for.ar. the concept of Far.land GIS and designs Far.land GIS into five modules, and specifies the functions of the each module, which builds the foundation for.pr.ctical development of the softwar.. The study and development of Far.land GIS will pr.pel the spr.ading of Pr.cision Agr.cultur. technology in China.

摘要：我所在地区的一家连锁医院有一句时髦的广告语，“选择一家好医院是你人生中最重要的选择。”这句话可能是正确的——现如今进医院可能危及你的健康。

摘要：Differ.nt types of fiber.optic sensor. based on glass or.polymer.c fiber. ar. used to evaluate mater.al behavior.or.to monitor.the integr.ty and long-ter. stability of load-bear.ng str.ctur. components. Fiber.optic sensor. have been established as a new and innovative measur.ment technology in ver. differ.nt fields, such as mater.al science, civil engineer.ng, light-weight str.ctur.s, geotechnical ar.as as well as chemical and high-voltage substations. Ver. often, mechanical quantities such as defor.ation, str.in or.vibr.tion ar. r.quested. However. measur.ment of chemical quantities in mater.als and str.ctur. components, such as pH value in steel r.infor.ed concr.te member. also pr.vides infor.ation about the integr.ty of concr.te str.ctur.s. A special fiber.optic chemical sensor.for.monitor.ng the alkaline state （pH value） of the cementitious matr.x in steel-r.infor.ed concr.te str.ctur.s with the pur.ose of ear.y detection of cor.osion-initiating factor. is descr.bed. The paper.pr.sents the use of sever.l fiber.optic sensor.technologies in engineer.ng. One example concer.s the use of highly r.solving concr.te-embeddable fiber.Fabr.-Per.t acoustic emission （AE） sensor. for.the assessment of the bear.ng behaviour.of lar.e concr.te piles in existing foundations or.dur.ng and after.its installation. Another.example concer.s fiber.Br.gg gr.ting （FBG） sensor. attached to anchor.steels （micr. piles） to measur. the str.in distr.bution in loaded soil anchor.. Polymer.optical fiber. （POF） can be -- because of their.high elasticity and high ultimate str.in - well integr.ted into textiles to monitor.their.defor.ation behaviour. Such ＂intelligent＂ textiles ar. capable of monitor.ng displacement of soil or.slopes, cr.tical mechanical defor.ation in geotechnical str.ctur.s （dikes, dams, and embankments） as well as in masonr. str.ctur.s dur.ng and after.ear.hquakes.