摘要：The sustainable development of the chemical industry requires novel and efficient catalysts and catalytic processes,especially eco-friendly and intrinsically safe *** idea is to improve the selectivity,activity,and stability of the catalyst in an appropriate ***,it is of great academic and industrial significance to conduct in-situ characterization of a working catalyst while testing its catalytic *** is beneficial for a comprehensive study on the dynamic evolution of the catalyst structure under real conditions,deepening the understanding of the structure-performance relationship of catalysts,and providing a scientific basis for the development of future generation catalytic *** far,it is still a great challenge to realize full life cycle characterization of heterogeneous catalysts from catalyst formation and function to deactivation under real world *** this mini review,we summarize the characterization strategies for heterogeneous catalysts,using zeolite,metal,and metal oxide catalysts as typical *** research strategies for the approximation of industrial conditions,multi-scale in-situ characterization devices,and computational modeling of realistic conditions should provide insight for the research and development of industrial catalysis.

摘要：Precise control of catalytic selectivity is a key concept of green chemistry,and also an important driving force for the sustainable development of catalytic *** not only determines the atomic economy of the catalytic process,but also affects the energy consumption of subsequent separation *** objective of this review is to illustrate successful catalyst design strategies to enhance selectivity,by using several important catalytic cases of petroleum refining and *** industrial applications and cutting-edge research cases mainly use the strategies of coupling,decoupling or confinement of adsorption sites and active sites to tune the diffusion barrier and activation energy barrier in different routes,so as to improve the selectivity of *** on the preliminary understanding of selectivity improvement,it is necessary to systematically investigate the selective catalytic processes using combination of multiple strategies,thereby realizing the design of highly selective catalyst over reasonable time scales and space scales.

摘要：金属-分子筛双功能催化剂具有两种催化活性中心,适用于提高烷烃异构等复杂反应的催化效率。本文基于金属中心进行加氢/脱氢反应、酸中心进行碳链异构化的反应机理认识,尝试总结了若干典型前沿研究案例与策略,以期为研发高效烷烃异构催化剂提供科学参考。在调控双功能中心接近性方面,文章介绍了金属、分子筛、黏合剂这三者的空间分布控制策略,指出两种功能中心之间合适的距离有利于烯烃中间体扩散;在提高酸中心的利用率方面,介绍了微孔-介孔结构或较短扩散距离的多级孔分子筛,指出这种强化扩散传质有助于抑制烯烃中间体的裂解副反应;在提高金属中心的利用率方面,介绍了贵金属高分散负载方法,简述了采用轻过渡金属来降低或替代Pt等贵金属使用。着眼未来,文章提出还需进一步研究工业催化剂成型过程中的双功能中心接近性、提高酸中心和金属中心利用率、降低贵金属等催化剂成本。

摘要：合理设计的Pt基双金属催化剂具有优异的活性、选择性和稳定性,被广泛应用于石油化工、天然气化工、生物质转化等多相催化过程。介绍了负载型Pt基双金属催化剂结构特点,综述了近年来负载型Pt基双金属催化剂在加氢、脱氢、重整等反应中的研究进展。指出还需进一步提高Pt基双金属催化剂Pt活性位的“数量”和“质量”,进而提升催化剂的利用率和本征活性。