摘要：The Accelerator Driven Sub-critical(ADS)system is a strategic plan to solve the nuclear waste problem for nuclear power plants in ***-energy particle accelerators and colliders contain long strings of superconducting devices,superconducting radio frequency cavities,and magnets,which may require cooling by 2 K superfluid helium(HeliumⅡ).2 K superfluid helium cryogenic system has become a research hot spot in the field of superconducting *** this study,the ADS Injector-I 2 K cryogenic system is examined in *** cryogenic system scheme design,key equipment,and technology design,such as the 2 K Joule–Thomson(J–T)heat exchanger and cryomodules CM1+CM2 design,are examined,in addition to the commissioning and operation of the cryogenic *** ADS Injector-I 2 K cryogenic system is the first 100 W superfluid helium system designed and built independently in *** ADS proton beam reached 10 Me V at 10 m A in July 2016 and 10 Me V at 2 m A in continuous mode in January 2017 and has been operated reliably for over 15,000 h,proving that the design of ADS Injector-I 2 K cryogenic system,the key equipment,and technology research are reasonable,reliable,and meet the *** research into key technologies provides valuable engineering experience that can be helpful for future projects such as CI-ADS(China Initiative Accelerator-Driven System),SHINE(Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility),PAPS(Platform of Advanced Photon Source Technology),and CEPC(Circular Electron-Positron Collider),thereby developing national expertise in the field of superfluid helium cryogenic systems.

摘要：V_(2)O_(5),which has multicolor and energy storage properties,is a promising electrochromic material for multifunctional electrochromic devices,but its practical application is limited by its poor lifespan and long switching *** this work,high-performance V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)films were fabricated by spraying a V_(2)O_(5)solution on in situ-grown TiO_(2)*** to the porous structure formed between the TiO_(2)nanorods and the remarkable electron transfer performance of TiO_(2),the switching time of the V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)films ***,the strong adhesion between the TiO_(2)nanorods and F-doped tin oxide(FTO)glass and the increased surface roughness of the substrates significantly improved the cycling stability of the V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)*** a large transmittance modulation(47.8%at 668 nm),fast response speed(τ_(c)=5.1 s,τ_(b)=4.2 s),and long lifespan,V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)films were used as electrodes for the electrochromic energy storage device(EESD),which switched in six colors through color overlay:dark orange,sandy yellow,green-yellow,yellow-green,dark green,and dark *** by pixel displays,EESDs were designed by segmenting V_(2)O_(5)films to stagger the display of the electrochromic and ion storage layers,which presented 11 types of information based on different combinations of *** work provides inspiration for developing multifunctional electrochromic devices,especially for camouflage and information displays.

摘要：In conventional reliability-based optimum design of structures, the reliability is computed based on the probability assumption, and the design objective and constraint are considered as deterministic ones. In many cases, however, there exist some fuzzy factors in the design objective and constraint functions. In this paper, the fuzzy reliability and fuzzy constraint are introduced to establish the fuzzy reliability-based optimum model for laminated composites. The examples show that the method developed in this paper can give consideration to both the reliability demand and the economic aspect of a structure. Since the fuzzy reliability-based optimum design is a ＇soft＇ design, the present results provide a new methodology for the effective evaluation of structural reliability and bring us an alternative optimum design idea.

摘要：This paper proposed a reliability design model for composite materials under the mixture of random and interval variables. Together with the inverse reliability analysis technique, the sequential single-loop optimization method is applied to the reliability-based design of composites. In the sequential single-loop optimization, the optimization and the reliability analysis are decoupled to improve the computational efficiency. As shown in examples, the minimum weight problems under the constraint of structural reliability are solved for laminated composites. The Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO） algorithm is utilized to search for the optimal solutions. The design results indicate that, under the mixture of random and interval variables, the method that combines the sequential single-loop optimization and the PSO algorithm can deal effectively with the reliability-based design of composites.

摘要：科研经费管理改革是我国科技体制改革的重要部分,对于提升科研经费使用效能、实现高水平科技自立自强具有重要作用。以科研经费“包干制”为研究对象,结合政策执行主体和目标群体访谈数据,运用扎根理论分析方法,构建“顶层设计—执行意愿—价值观念—政策环境”4个主范畴构成的“包干制”政策实行影响因素模型。研究发现:(1)科研经费“包干制”政策内涵界定及顶层设计的清晰程度影响政策执行主体和目标群体的执行意愿与政策认同,进而影响“包干制”政策的执行效果;(2)政策执行主体基于自身管理需求和执行态度决定政策执行意愿并作出是否积极推进政策的行为选择;(3)目标群体政策认知构成“包干制”政策的价值观念,表现为政策执行过程中的顺应与配合态度;(4)文化环境和技术环境为“包干制”政策的有效执行提供保障。研究结论对于推进科研经费“包干制”落实、有效发挥科研经费“杠杆效应”、提升“包干制”政策效能具有一定借鉴意义。

摘要：光伏热致变色智能窗采用钙钛矿材料并结合其热致变色和光伏特性,既可调控不同温度下的太阳光透过率,又可将吸收的光能转化为可用的电能.在此,我们利用经过优化的后退火工艺设计了一个结构为氟掺杂氧化锡(FTO)/SnO_(2)/CsPbIBr_(2)/NiO_(x)/铟锡氧化物(ITO)的半透明太阳能电池,在最佳条件下其平均可见光透过率为33.2%,光电转化效率为3.89%.同时,基于CsPbIBr_(2)的热致变色特性,我们发现当其由高温着色相转变为低温透明相时,器件的平均可见透过率可从33.2%提高至73.5%.此外,高温相向低温相的转变受湿度主导.当相对湿度从50%上升至90%时,钙钛矿相变时间从1005分钟大幅度下降至17分钟.然而,过高的湿度导致的过快相变会破坏钙钛矿的薄膜形貌和晶体结构,这将对CsPbIBr_(2)钙钛矿造成不可逆损伤.这项工作为半透明光伏和热致变色智能窗的应用提供了重要参考,并可预见这一领域将进一步助力降低建筑和汽车能耗.

摘要：The present work aims to develop a method for reliability-based optimum design of composite structures. A procedure combining particle swarm optimization （PSO） and finite element analysis （FEA） has been proposed. Numerical examples for the reliability design optimization （RDO） of a laminate and a composite cylindrical shell are worked out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Then a design for composite pressure vessels is studied. The advantages and necessity of RDO over the conventional equi-strength design are addressed. Examples show that the proposed method has good stability and is efficient in dealing with the probabilistic optimal design of composite structures. It may serve as an effective tool to optimize other complicated structures with uncertainties.

摘要：火力发电机运行状态直接影响火力发电站的生产和安全运行,为实现发电机早期故障的及时诊断,设计基于GPRS的火力发电机状态远程监测系统。采集火力发电机运行状态信号数据,利用GPRS无线通信网络将数据安全传送至监控模块;监控模块接收该数据后,采用流形半监督K均值聚类算法,计算并分析该数据,实现发电机故障诊断,并进行故障预警,并将预警结果可视化呈现在界面中。测试结果显示:该系统可采集发电机在不同时刻下的运行状态数据;可靠监测不同运行工况下发电机的运行状态;当发电机的故障残差绝对值为0.0552时,逼近设定预警值,则系统发送预警,满足火力发电机状态远程监测需求。

摘要：历来对茅盾文学奖的质疑多指向评奖标准和核心价值的种种缺陷,二者构成了茅盾文学奖研究亟需直面的理论课题。在价值论视野中,茅盾文学奖的评奖标准是以人民为价值主体和评价主体,中国作协为评价践行者的一种评价标准,它与茅盾文学奖的价值标准并不完全重合,具有调试的可能与必要。在国家文学制度的整体设计下,茅盾文学奖的价值体系是以主旋律为主体,由内至外依次为家国价值、伦理价值、理想价值的构造,核心价值与共适性价值呈现互融趋势。如此设计的合理性在于将文学提供独特中国经验的功用性置于显要位置,由此产生的主旋律引力使自由、发展、创造等超越性价值追求有了现实落脚点。此外,还给予艺术性标准以弹性操作空间,从评奖条例的修订细节到突破审美惯性的获奖作品均能反映茅盾文学奖对艺术创新的包容性越来越强,这也为接纳更多长篇小说家族的成员提供了可能。

摘要：提出对复合材料结构进行稳健可靠性设计,设计中同时考虑了随机因素和模糊因素的影响。首先考虑约束的模糊性,建立了复合材料层合板的模糊优化设计模型。在模糊优化设计的基础上,考虑纤维角度和单层板厚度的变异对模糊约束的影响,进一步研究了复合材料层合板的模糊稳健设计。算例说明了本文提出的方法的有效性,对复合材料结构的合理设计具有一定的指导意义。