摘要：Based on construtal theory, a nonuniform heat generation problem in a rectangular body is investigated in this paper. Entransy dissipation rate(EDR) is taken as the optimization objective. The optimal body shapes with constant and variable widths of the high conductivity channel(HCC) are derived. For the rectangular first order assembly(RFOA) with constant cross-section HCC, the shape of the RFOA and width ratio of the HCCs are optimized, and the double minimum EDR is obtained. The heat transfer performance of the RFOA becomes worse when the nonuniform coefficient increases. For the RFOA with variable cross-section HCC, the EDR of the RFOA can be minimized for four times. Compared the optimal construct based on minimum EDR of the RFOA with that based on minimum maximum temperature difference, the shape of the former optimal construct is tubbier, and the average temperature difference is lower. In the practical design of electronic devices, when the thermal safety is ensured, the constructal design scheme of the former optimal construct can be adopted to improve the global heat transfer performance of an electronic device.

摘要：Thermoelectric effect is the most efficient way to convert electric energy directly from the temperature gradient. Thermoelectric effect-based power generation, cooling and heating devices are solid-stated, environmentally friendly, reliable, long-lived, easily maintainable, and easy to achieve miniaturization and integration. So they have unparalleled advantages in the aerospace, vehicle industry, waste heat recovery, electronic cooling, etc. This paper reviews the progress in thermodynamic analyses and optimizations for single- and multiple-element, single- and multiple-stage, and combined thermoelectric generators, thermoelectric refrigerators and thermoelectric heat pumps, especially in the aspects of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and finite time thermodynamics. It also discusses the developing trends of thermoelectric devices, such as the heat sources of thermoelectric generators, multi-stage thermoelectric devices, combined thermoelectric devices, and heat transfer enhancement of thermoelectric devices.

摘要：Steam generator is optimized by applying entransy dissipation extremum principle and constructal theory and adopting analyti-cal *** obtained results show that the optimal spacing between adjacent tubes,the mass flow rate of gas and the maximum entransy dissipation rate all depend on the dimensionless diameter of one tube,the dimensionless pressure difference number and the dimensionless length of flow channel of *** the three dimensionless groups,the optimal numbers of riser tubes and downcomer tubes and their summation all depend on the dimensionless height of one *** maximum entransy dissipation rate increases as the pressure difference that drives the gas flowing increases,and as the diameter of one tube and the length of flow channel both *** mean heat flux in the heat transfer process of hot gas grows greatly,and the performance of the system is *** with the optimal construct with heat transfer rate maximization,the optimal construct with entransy dissipation rate maximization can improved the heat transfer effect of the steam generator more.

摘要：Umbrella-shaped assembly of cylindrical fins is optimized by adopting analytical method and taking dimensionless mean thermal resistance (MTR) as performance index. The optimal construct of umbrella-shaped assembly is obtained. The results show that the heat conductance performance of the assembly becomes ever worse with ever greater number of elemental cylindrical fins,the umbrella-shaped assembly reduces to cylindrical fin in some values of design parameters,and the diameters’ dependence on design parameters is weak for the optimized assembly. An equivalent thermal resistance defined based on entransy dissipation rate (EDR) reflects an average heat transfer effect of the assembly. The constructal design corresponding to the minimum EDR (or MTR) should be adopted for designing an assembly of fins in engineering at the limit safe condition.

摘要：民族传统技艺传播与传承是非遗保护工作的重要方面。职业教育通过建立民族文化传承基地等方式在促进民族传统技术传播与传承方面日益发挥出重要作用。以2019中国—东盟职教联展暨论坛为观察基点,发现民族传统技艺传播和传承主要划分为民族饮食制作技艺传承、民族传统手工技艺传承、民族医药诊疗技艺传承、民族歌舞表演技艺传承4类。体现出技艺传承与专业教育深度链接,文化传统与现代技术完美联姻,产教融合与文化创意双重驱动的传承特点。职业院校开展民族传统技术传承面临着传承重复性和简单化,人才培养质量考核评价不足,校政合作、校企合作不够深入等问题。需要加强国家和地方教育部门的顶层设计,构建民族技艺传承职教体系、全面提升育人水准,加强各方合作、实现多主体育人。

摘要：考虑工质在流动过程中的压降不可逆性,建立开式简单布雷顿热电联产装置的有限时间热力学模型。以可用能率、火用输出率、利润率、第一定律效率和火用效率为目标研究装置的性能。通过Matlab数值计算,在无燃料消耗和装置尺寸约束下,优化了压气机进口相对压降,得到了最优可用能率、火用输出率和利润率,进一步优化压比,得到了最大火用输出率和利润率;在有约束条件下,优化压气机进口相对压降,得到了最优第一定律效率和火用效率,同时得到了各部件最佳的流通面积分配,进一步优化压比,得到了最大第一定律效率和火用效率。研究设计参数对装置最优性能的影响,发现分别存在最佳的供热温度使火用输出率、利润率和火用效率取得双重最大值。通过比较发现按最大火用输出率设计能使装置具有较大的可用能率和较低的压比,按最大利润率设计能使装置具有较大的第一定律效率和火用效率以及较低的燃料和空气消耗。

摘要：提出了新的微通道正六边形热沉分别在无回流、边缘回流和中心回流3种回流方式下4种通道结构的设计原型,基于热-流-力-应变的多物理场耦合计算,研究了回流方式、微通道分支数和微通道分布演化对正六边形热沉的最大热阻和基于耗散的当量热阻的影响,并进行了热应力和形变分析.数值计算结果表明:以最大热阻最小化和当量热阻最小化为目标, 3种回流方式中的中心回流式为最佳回流方式,中心回流式六分支微通道正六边形热沉按上层微通道沿六边形内切圆半径分布、下层微通道沿六边形外接圆半径分布为最优构形,可使传热性能最优,且最大热应力为0.28 GPa,比硅的屈服强度小1个数量级以上,最大形变为1.4μm.所得结果可为实际微通道热沉提供多学科设计的理论支撑.

摘要：应用内可逆四热源吸收式热变化器循环模型,分析热变换器受传热不可逆性影响时的基本性能。导出了牛顿传热定律下循环的比泵热率和泵热系数的基本优化关系以及工质的最佳工作温度和传热面积的最佳分配关系。由此讨论了循环的各种优化性能,并通过数值算例,得出循环参数对循环特性的影响规律。所得结果对实际四热源吸收式热变换器的优化设计具有一定指导意义。

摘要：对变壁温水平圆管内接触熔化过程进行了研究.通过求解液膜边界层的控制方程,得到熔化速度的准确解析表达式,纠正了文献[10]存在的错误.熔化的理论分析结果同样适用于定壁温水平圆管内接触熔化问题.分析了管壁温度分布的影响规律,研究发现:管壁温度分布多项式的一次项对熔化影响显著;Ste数较小时(Ste<0.2),增加圆管内壁温度是缩短完全熔化时间的有效方法;Ste数较大时,改变圆管内壁温度分布对加强熔化,缩短完全熔化时间更为有效.结果对热储能系统的设计和研究具有一定参考价值.

摘要：基于熵产分析，时管状表面绝热层进行热力学优化。通过优化绝热层温度分布，提高绝热效果、减小不可逆损失，对１０种材料绝热层进行数值计算，并与传统设计进行比较，得到一些具有工程意义的结论。