摘要：背景:由于关节软骨再生修复能力有限,自体软骨细胞移植技术为关节软骨损伤的修复提供了较好的修复材料。目的:多中心评估自体软骨细胞移植的短期疗效与安全性。设计、时间及地点:自身前后对照观察,于2001-03/2006-04在韩国80所附属医院完成。对象:软骨缺损患者261例,男169例,女92例,年龄15～70岁,平均36.47岁。软骨缺损面积2.0～20.0cm2。其中股骨髁损伤215例,滑车30例,髌骨25例,胫骨2例。方法:取关节非负重区软骨组织200～300mg,体外培养扩增后将软骨细胞植入患者关节缺损区。于移植后6个月对所有患者进行随访,膝关节功能评估标准采用美国膝关节协会评分系统[Knee society score-A(KSS-A)和Knee society score-B(KSS-B)]。主要观察指标:自体软骨细胞膝关节缺损区移植后KSS-A和KSS-B评分。结果:获得随访患者261例。患者移植前KSS-A评分为63.55±18.47,移植后6个月为88.74±11.47,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)移植前KSS-B评分为59.56±24.92,移植后6个月为85.13±14.67,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。患者移植前后膝关节疼痛、活动度、前后稳定性、屈曲挛缩、伸直迟滞、行走能力和上下楼能力均明显改善(P<0.05)。综合评价移植有效率为97.3%,优良率为89.3%。结论:自体软骨细胞移植可有效的治疗关节软骨缺损,促进膝关节功能的恢复。

摘要：A DC-DC converter for flash memory IPs performing erasing by the FN (Fowler-Nordheim) tunneling and programming by the CHEI (channel hot electron injection) is designed in this paper. For the DC-DC converter for flash memory IPs using a dual voltage of VDD (=1.5V±0.15V)/VRD (=3.1V±0.1V), a scheme of using VRD (Read Voltage) instead of VDD is proposed to reduce the pumping stages and pumping capacitances of its charge pump circuit. VRD (=3.1V±0.1V) is a regulated voltage by a voltage regulator with an external voltage of 5V, which is used as the WL activation voltage in the read mode and an input voltage of the charge pump. The designed DC-DC converter outputs positive voltages of VP6V (=6V), VP8V (=8V) and VP9V(=9V);and a negative voltage of? VM8V (=-8V) in the write mode.