摘要：Solar evaporation based on plasmonic metal nanoparticles(MNPs)is emerging as a promising ***,the fine structure of MNPs is unstable,and both the high temperature generated by intensive light and corrosive ions in water could damage *** performance will decline after recycling and long-time *** address these issues,we adopted a sponge-templating method for preparing sandwich-like nanoplates with the gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)confined in reduced graphene oxide(rGO)*** to the confinement effect,both the surface melting and ion diffusion were *** solar evaporator based on the sandwich-like nanoplates showed a high solar-vapor conversion efficiency of 85.2%under a high light intensity of 10 *** 30 times recycle of seawater desalination,the conversion efficiency scarcely *** sandwich-like nanoplates with enhanced thermal and chemical stability of Au NPs are promising in the practical application of seawater desalination.

摘要：Conductive and adhesive hydrogels are promising materials for designing *** satisfy the high conductivity of bioelectronic devices,metal nanomaterials have been used to fabricate composite ***,the fabrication of a conductive-nanomaterial-incorporated hydrogel with high performance is a great challenge because of the easy aggregation nature of conductive nanomaterials making processing ***,we report a kind of adhesive aero-hydrogel hybrid conductor(AAHC)with stretchable,adhesive and anti-bacteria properties by in situ formation of a hydrogel network in the aerogel-silver nanowires(AgNWs)*** AgNWs with good conductivity are wellintegrated on the inner-surface of shape-memory chitosan aerogel,which created a conductive framework to allow hydrogel *** by the aerogel-silver makes the hybrid hydrogel tough and *** groups from the hydrogel allow strong adhesion to wet tissues through molecular *** inherent bacteria-killing ability of silver ions endows the conductive hydrogel with excellent anti-bacteria *** proposed facile strategy of aerogel-assisted assembly of metal nanomaterials with hydrogel opens a new route to incorporate functional nanoscale building blocks into hydrogels.

摘要：Although remarkable progress has been witnessed in mimicking the nacre-like architecture in laboratory,it remains a great challenge for understanding the unique balancing mechanism of toughness and strength in biological materials. Here,taking advantage of the synergistic effect of different dimensional nanoscale building blocks,we fabricate nacre-like films that reconcile high strength and *** obtained ternary lamellar composite films are constructed by one-dimensional xonotlite nanowires and two-dimensional montmorillonite nanosheets with the assistance of poly（vinyl alcohol）. The ternary composite films show high strength（（241.8±10.2）MPa） and toughness（（5.85±0.46） MJ m^-3）,both of which are higher than that of the single nanofibrillar xonotlite network films or the binary montmorillonite/poly（vinyl alcohol） composite films. The excellent mechanical properties of the nacre-like ternary composite films are aroused by the synergistic toughening mechanism of the different dimensional building blocks. This strategy provides a facile approach to integrate the nacre-like composite films with potential applications in tissue engineering scaffold,strong air barrier coatings,and fire-retardant packing materials.

摘要：The high surface energy of nanomaterials endows them a metastable nature,which greatly limits their ***,in some cases,the degradation process derived from the poor stability of nanomaterials offers an unconventional approach to design and obtain functional ***,based on the poor stability of ZnSe-[DETA]0.5 hybrid nanobelts,we developed a new strategy to chemically graphitize and functionalize graphene oxide(GO).When ZnSe[DETA]0.5 hybrid nanobelts encountered a strong acid,they were attacked by H^+cations and could release highly reactive Se^2−anions into the reaction *** other common reductants(such as N2H4·H2O),these Se^2−anions exhibited an excellent ability to restore the structure of *** structural restoration of GO was greatly affected by the reaction time,the volume of HCl,and the mass ratio between GO and ZnSe[DETA]0.5 *** carefully controlling the reaction process and the post-processing process,we finally obtained several Se-based reduced GO(RGO)nanocomposites(such as ZnSe/Se-RGO,ZnSe-RGO,and Se-RGO)and various selenide/metal-RGO nanocomposites(such as Ag2Se-RGO,Cu2Se-RGO,and Pt-RGO).Although the original structure and composition of ZnSe[DETA]0.5 nanobelts are destroyed,the procedure presents an unconventional way to chemically graphitize and functionalize GO and thus provides a new material synthesis platform for nanocomposites.

摘要：Photoelectrochemical(PEC)hydrogen production is of great interest as an ideal avenue towards clean and renewable ***,the instability and low energy conversion efficiency of photoanodes hinder their practical *** we address these issues by introducing a hole extraction layer(HEL)which could rapidly transfer and consume photogenerated *** HEL is constructed by reduced graphene oxide(RGO)and other cocatalysts that enable rapid transfer and subsequent consumption of holes,***,we showcase a high-stability photoanode composed of CdSeTe nanowires(CST NWs)and RGO/PdS nanoparticles(PdS NPs)based *** photoanode achieves excellent photocorrosion resistance,which allows stable hydrogen evolution for>2 h at 0.5 VRHE.

摘要：The stability and reactivity of nanomaterials are of crucial importance for their application, but the long-term effects of stability and reactivity of nanomaterials under practical conditions are still not well understood. In this study, we first established a comprehensive strategy to investigate the stability of a highly reactive nanomaterial from the viewpoint of reaction kinetics with ultrathin tellurium nanowires （TeNWs） as a model material in aqueous solution through an accelerated oxidation process. This allowed us to propose a new approach for the design and synthesis of other unique one-dimensional nanostructures by a chemical transformation process using the intermediate nanostructures ＂captured＂ during the dynamic oxidation process under different conditions. In essence, the oxidation of ultrathin TeNWs is a gas-solid reaction which involves liquid, gas and solid phases. It has been demonstrated that the oxidation process of ultrathin TeNWs in aqueous solution can be divided into three stages, namely oxygen limiting, ultrathin TeNWs limiting and mass transfer resistance limiting stages. The apparent oxidation kinetics for ultrathin TeNWs is approximately in accord with a first order reaction kinetics model and has an apparent activation energy as low as TeNWs are thermodynamically unstable 13.53 ***^-1, indicating that ultrathin However, the unstable nature of ultrathin TeNWs is actually an advantage since it can act as an excellent platform to help us synthesize and design one-dimensional functional nanomaterials--with special structures and distinctive properties--which are difficult to obtain by a direct synthesis method.

摘要：天然珍珠母具备精巧的跨尺度多级结构和优异的力学性能,是目前研究最多的生物结构材料之一,它为高断裂韧性的人工结构陶瓷的设计和制造提供了灵感。然而,为了满足多样化的应用需求,先进结构材料除了要具备优异的机械性能(如强度、硬度和韧性)外,还必须具有多功能特性。本文基于框架诱导矿化方法制备了多种人工珍珠母,通过文石和纳米颗粒的共矿化将具有不同内在功能的纳米颗粒引入基元片中,除了增强的机械性能外,所获得的人工珍珠母材料还根据纳米粒子的类型表现出不同的功能。为了扩展该策略,还分析了具有不同尺寸和电性的纳米粒子对共矿化的影响。这种通用策略可以应用于其他类型的功能化仿生结构陶瓷的制备,这些陶瓷在生物医学等各个领域都有潜在的应用。

摘要：在分析人的疲劳的现代特征、定义和评价方法的基础上,提出一种将调查表设计、调查试验和数据统计分析融为一体的汽车驾驶疲劳综合性评定方法.该方法首先设计开发一种新的综合性调查表,不仅对驾驶员的自觉疲劳症状进行评定,而且对交通环境等影响因素进行感官定性测量,然后通过调查试验和数据统计分析探讨各种因素对汽车驾驶疲劳的影响.采用该方法对日本54名货车驾驶员进行了较长时间的跟踪调查和试验,并进行了试验数据统计分析.结果表明,与日本汽车交通事故统计的结果一致,从而证明了该综合评定方法是有效可行的.

摘要：为了获得高效率和低成本的微型电动车轮毂电机,优化设计一种新型驱动轮毂电机。介绍简单遗传算法和模式搜索法在驱动轮毂电机优化设计中的应用,针对它们优化设计效果不显著的缺点,提出一种改进的遗传算法。在对微型电动车轮毂电机进行研究的基础上,针对驱动轮毂电机设计特点,重新建立驱动轮毂电机优化设计数学模型,并以实例进行优化计算。研究结果表明:驱动轮毂电机的效率提高,成本降低,能满足微型电动车对驱动轮毂电机的使用要求,因此,对于驱动轮毂电机的优化设计,改进遗传算法是一种比较理想的算法,具有广阔的工程应用价值。

摘要：为探索新型嵌入件螺母的可行性,以预埋螺母类型为单一变量,系统研究了T型和L型结构下,5种常用预埋螺母和2种新型嵌入件螺母对偏心连接件接合性能的影响,对比各连接方式的破坏弯矩、刚性效率、破坏特征等。结果表明:1)各预埋螺母的破坏弯矩:嵌片嵌入件≈柱体嵌入件>梯形螺母≈内外牙螺母>尖刺螺母>四爪螺母>尼龙胶塞;2)各预埋螺母的刚性效率:内外牙螺母>嵌片嵌入件≈柱体嵌入件≈梯形螺母>四爪螺母>尼龙胶塞>尖刺螺母;3)7种预埋螺母的破坏弯矩和刚性系数,T型构件较L型分别高约26.7%、26.8%;4)嵌入件螺母主要破坏特征为三合一连接杆和偏心轮的形变破坏,常用预埋螺母大多为预埋螺母拔出导致的木材撕裂破坏或局部挤压破坏;5)柱体嵌入件螺母T型连接方式中,在仅更换破坏的连接杆和偏心轮情况下,第2次破坏较第1次破坏破坏弯矩仅下降3.1%。预埋螺母类型对偏心连接件破坏弯矩影响显著,嵌入件预埋螺母较常用预埋螺母破坏弯矩大、刚性效率高,可通过更换破坏五金件实现板件的重复利用,具有明显的优势和可行性。