摘要：Daytime radiative cooling with high solar refection and mid-infrared emission offers a sustainable way for cooling without energy ***,so far sub-ambient daytime radiative coolers typically possess white/silver color with limited aesthetics and *** various colored radiative cooling designs have been pursued previously,multi-colored daytime radiative cooling to a temperature below ambient has not been realized as the solar thermal effect in the visible range lead to signifcant thermal ***,we demonstrate that photoluminescence(PL)based colored radiative coolers(PCRCs)with high internal quantum effciency enable sub-ambient full-color *** an example of experimental demonstration,we develop a scalable electrostatic-spinning/inkjet printing approach to realize the sub-ambient multi-colored radiative coolers based on quantum-dot *** unique features of obtained PCRCs are that the quantum dots atop convert the ultraviolet–visible sunlight into emitted light to minimize the solar-heat generation,and cellulose acetate based nanofbers as the underlayer that strongly refect sunlight and radiate thermal *** a result,the green,yellow and red colors of PCRCs achieve temperatures of 5.4–2.2℃ below ambient under sunlight(peak solar irradiance>740 Wm),*** the excellent cooling performance and scalable process,our designed PCRC opens a promising pathway towards colorful applications and scenarios of radiative cooling.

摘要：[目的]研究冻融作用对东北黑土区坡面土壤侵蚀的影响,可加深对黑土坡面侵蚀过程机理的认识,并为区域侵蚀治理提供重要科学依据。[方法]以东北黑土区单一侵蚀营力驱动的融雪、风力和降雨侵蚀为对照,通过设计冻融-融雪、冻融-风力、冻融-降雨双侵蚀营力叠加的模拟试验,分析冻融作用对坡面融雪、风力和降雨侵蚀的影响。试验处理包括1次冻融作用、2个融雪径流量(1,2 L/min)、1个风速(12 m/s),1个降雨强度(100 mm/h)和1个坡度(3°)。[结果](1)冻融作用显著增加坡面融雪、风力和降雨侵蚀量(p<0.05)。与无冻融作用相比,1次冻融作用使坡面融雪侵蚀在1,2 L/min融雪径流下分别增加2042.9%和777.9%,使风蚀量和降雨侵蚀量分别增加118.0%和74.9%。(2)冻融作用对坡面水蚀(融雪和降雨侵蚀)过程的影响大于对径流过程的影响,且加剧坡面侵蚀过程,使坡面侵蚀活跃期历时增长和侵蚀强度增加;冻融作用也使风力侵蚀的输沙高度增加30%,各高度风蚀输沙量均增加50%以上。(3)冻融作用降低土壤抗侵蚀能力,其使表层土壤密度、土壤抗剪强度、土壤硬度分别显著减小2.5%,22.6%,15.0%。同时,冻融作用使水蚀过程中的坡面水流流速平均增加13.6%~25.0%,水流剪切力平均增加2.3%~81.9%,而阻力系数减小1.6%~20.6%,进而加剧坡面侵蚀过程。[结论]冻融作用改变侵蚀动力与阻力关系,加剧坡面融雪、风力和降雨侵蚀过程。

摘要：It is a great challenge to develop highly active oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts with superior *** this study,a NiFe layered double hydroxidedecorated phosphide(NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3))was constructed to display satisfactory OER activity and good stability for water splitting in alkaline *** an overpotential of 300 mV,NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3) achieved a current density of 82 mA cm^(-2) for the OER,which was 9.1 and 2.3 times that of CoP/NiP_(3) and NiFe LDH,***,the reconstruction behavior,during which oxyhydroxides formed,was studied by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.A synergistic effect between NiFe LDH and CoP/NiP_(3) was also observed for the hydrogen evolution ***,when NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3) acted as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting,a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2) was maintained for more than 275 *** addition,under Xe light irradiation,a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 9.89% was achieved for solar-driven water *** work presents the coupling of different active compositions,and can provide a reference for designing bifunctional electrocatalysts.

摘要：通过模拟枫树种子独特的自旋飞行方式,设计了一种仿枫树种子的新型微型飞行器。参考枫树种子的外形与重量分布来完成该微型飞行器的总体布局设计,同时采用动态网格非定常流场方法计算分析了该飞行器不同转速下的飞行工况。根据这种飞行器独特的飞行方式,基于地磁场的方位定标,设计了这类自身无固定参考系飞行器的飞行控制方法,最后制造了样机进行飞行试验。结果表明:仿枫树种子微型飞行器具有良好的气动效率,所设计的操纵方案有效可靠,大大增加了这种飞行器的可控性和实用性。

摘要：为了探究旋转流场对碟式分离机转鼓振动特性的影响,以某DHY450型碟式分离机为研究对象,对蝶式分离机转鼓分别进行了干模态分析和单向流固耦合分析,探究了旋转流场对转鼓固有频率的影响。同时,采用控制变量法探究了流体密度及黏度系数对转鼓共振特性的影响规律,并与试验值进行了对比。结果表明:相较于干模态,流固耦合下转鼓的固有频率明显下降,最大差值可达15.8%;对于高转速碟式分离机,转鼓二阶共振频率及振幅均随流体密度和黏度的增大而较小幅度增加。对碟式分离机进行振动特性研究时必须考虑流体影响,而流体密度和黏度的小幅度变化对转鼓二阶共振特性的影响可忽略。研究结果对碟式分离机的设计及振动故障分析具有借鉴与参考意义。

摘要：随着全球老龄化的加剧,老年人口的增多,老年人的健康监护已经成为了重要的社会问题。因身体机能的下降,老年人发生跌倒的概率非常高,而老年人一天中大约90%的时间是处于室内,针对老年人室内意外跌倒的医护救治,设计了一款基于蓝牙定位的老年人室内跌倒监护系统。该系统通过集成的传感器采集加速度、角速度、室内位置、人体生理信息等数据,并通过计算分析实现了跌倒监测报警功能。

摘要：分析坡面上方汇流和土壤管道崩塌对黑土坡面水蚀过程的影响,可为黑土侵蚀退化防治提供重要科学依据。本研究基于坡面汇流模拟试验,设计3个上方汇流强度和3种近地表土壤水文条件(无土壤管道、有土壤管道无管道流、有土壤管道流),研究坡面上方汇流和土壤管道崩塌对黑土坡面水蚀过程的影响,量化土壤管道侵蚀对黑土坡面侵蚀的贡献。结果表明:1)坡面侵蚀量随上方汇流强度的增加而增加,当上方汇流强度从30 L·min^(-1)增加到40和50 L·min^(-1)时,坡面侵蚀量分别增加100.0%~111.5%和214.8%~289.2%。2)土壤管道发生和管道流形成加剧了坡面水蚀过程,30、40和50 L·min^(-1)上方汇流强度下有土壤管道无管道流和有土壤管道流处理的坡面侵蚀量分别是无土壤管道处理的1.4~1.6倍和1.7~2.1倍。此外,3种上方汇流强度下有土壤管道无管道流和有土壤管道流处理的土壤管道侵蚀对坡面土壤侵蚀的贡献分别为26.7%~37.6%和40.5%~51.9%。3)土壤管道崩塌加剧了细沟侵蚀过程,30、40和50 L·min^(-1)上方汇流强度下有土壤管道无管道流和有土壤管道流处理的细沟侵蚀量较无土壤管道处理增加38.1%~66.0%和93.7%~128.4%。因此,上方汇流强度增加使坡面水流流速增大,导致坡面径流侵蚀能力和搬运能力增强,从而增加了坡面侵蚀量;土壤管道崩塌也加剧了细沟侵蚀过程,尤其是土壤管道崩塌瞬间地表径流全部转化为土壤管道流,极大增加了坡面水流流速,加剧了坡面侵蚀过程,进而增加了坡面侵蚀量。