摘要：在月球表面插入旗帜对人类探索宇宙具有重要意义.本文采用离散元G有限元耦合算法对手动插旗过程进行数值分析,首先,建立月壤的离散元模型、旗杆的有限元模型以及月壤与旗杆相互作用的离散元G有限元耦合模型;然后,对旗杆的结构进行优化设计以提高其稳固性;最后,提出三种不同的插旗方式并讨论不同插旗方式下旗杆的动力特性.研究结果表明,离散元G有限元耦合算法对月面插旗过程的模拟是有效的;底部尖锐度及稳定支架开叉角度的合理设计有利于增大旗杆的入壤深度和旗杆的稳固性;增大直接插入法中轴向力、提高敲击插入法中敲击力和敲击频率均可以增加旗杆的入壤深度;旋转插入法中旋转速度和旋转频率对插入过程影响较小.以上研究可为月面手动插旗提供有效的方案和理论参考.

摘要：A conventional Fowler flap is designed to improve the take-off and landing performances of an *** the flight states of general aviation aircraft vary significantly.A Fowler flap with a double-sliding track has been designed,which is capable of changing airfoil camber while cruising and climbing as well as meeting low-speed performance *** aerodynamic characteristics of the variable camber Fowler flap were studied by computational simulation,and cambering was found to be beneficial for improving the lift-to-drag ratio when the lift coefficient was larger than the critical value,below which decambering was more effective:this critical value differed somewhat under different *** the mechanism into account,the take-off and landing configurations were optimized on the basis of the GA(W)-1 airfoil with a 30%chord Fowler *** with reference configuration,the maximum lift coefficient of optimized take-off configuration was increased by 6.6%as well as the stalling angle and the lift-to-drag ratio were increased by 1.3° and 7.58%,***,the maximum lift coefficient of the optimized landing configuration was increased by 6.3%,and the stalling angle was increased by 1.1°;however,the nose-down pitching moment of both configurations *** results were attained on a general aviation aircraft wing/body combination.A 3D model of the variable-camber Fowler flap driving mechanism was established in a computer-aided design system,and the results showed that all design configurations could be achieved by the double-sliding track.

摘要：Based on the supercritical"wing1"which was released in the DPW-III conference,multi-objective optimization has been done to increase the lift-drag ratio at cruise condition and improve transonic buffet boundary and drag-rise ***-Henne shape functions are used to represent the bump *** the design optimization to increase lift-drag ratio,the objectives involve the cruise point and three other off-design points *** the other optimization process to improve buffet and drag-rise performance,three buffet onset points near the cruise point and one drag-rise point are selected as the design ***-dominating sort genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II)is used in both ***,individual analysis for every selected point on the Pareto frontier is conducted in order to avoid local convergence and achieve global *** of optimization for aerodynamic efficiency show a decrease of 11 counts in drag at the cruise *** at nearby off-design points are also reduced to some *** approaches are made to improve buffet and drag-rise characteristics,resulting in significant improvements in both ways.

摘要：减少农业碳排放,提高农业碳汇能力,是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要举措,也是潜力所在,故厘清农业碳问题的研究现状及其特征具有重要意义。为助力我国“双碳”目标早日实现,本文基于农业碳排放、农业碳汇以及农业低碳发展驱动因素3个维度对已有相关研究进行全面梳理:首先,明确了农业碳排放的基本概念并介绍了常见的测算方法,同时基于时序演变、空间分布、效率特征、减排路径等视角对其研究现状进行了回顾;其次,界定农业碳汇的基本概念,进而引申出森林碳汇、土壤碳汇和海洋碳汇并介绍各自的测算方法,而后则围绕农业净碳汇与碳汇市场化展开重点阐述;最后,从宏观和微观2个层面探讨影响农业低碳发展的主要因素,其中前者着眼于政策、经济、社会等方面,而后者则侧重于户主的内在因素和农户面临的外部环境。针对未来农业碳问题的研究方向,本文认为可重点围绕以下4个方面,即农业碳达峰的科学预测与差异化减排路径设计、农业减碳固碳潜力的科学评估与实现路径探讨、农业碳市场的构建与碳汇价值变现的思路探索以及农户低碳生产技术供需匹配探究与其制度优化。

摘要：本文提出了中波发射系统的自动切换功能设计理念,详细讨论了发射机的自动倒换、馈线的自动倒换以及调配网络的自动倒换功能。此外,本文还深入探讨了如何根据输入阻抗和输出阻抗设计调配网络,以及如何利用真空继电器实现中波发射系统的自动切换。期望能为中波广播发射系统的优化提供有价值的参考。

摘要：骨缺损是骨科临床常见且复杂的疾患,根据患者体内缺损区骨组织力学性能,设计生物力学性能匹配的个性化骨假体,有望提升临床骨缺损诊疗的水平.然而,当前的个性化骨缺损诊疗,在体内骨组织微观结构分析、非均质各向异性力学行为表征和建模等方面存在诸多问题,难以实现生物力学性能的适配,导致骨重建效果不佳.针对上述问题,提出了一种融合数据驱动与力学建模的骨缺损重建方法,以实现临床条件下骨组织力学性能的准确表征.首先,以羊股骨远端为对象,提出了基于临床CT影像的多神经网络模型,通过建立低分辨率临床CT下的宏观骨密度分布与micro-CT下松质骨微结构形态特征的映射关系,能够直接通过临床CT对体内骨组织非均匀骨密度分布和结构张量等组织形态学参数进行准确预测.其次,建立了基于非均匀骨密度和结构张量的松质骨各向异性本构模型和实验表征方法.通过贝叶斯反演识别本构模型参数,修正了实验中由于材料主方向与加载方向偏离引入的系统误差.实验结果验证了所建立本构模型与参数反演方法的准确性,并揭示了不同部位松质骨力学行为与微结构生长方向的关系.文章通过深度学习与力学建模融合的骨力学性能研究,解决了临床医学影像下松质骨微观结构分析的难题,为个性化骨假体的设计奠定了基础.

摘要：计算性设计思维、方法和技术作为当下解决复杂工程设计问题的密钥,对建筑学学科的发展产生着深层影响,其中,最为直接的表现是该领域研究者的不断涌现以及他们在教育、科研到实践过程中累积而成的大量成果。葡萄牙籍学者何塞·平托·杜阿尔特作为该领域的杰出代表,以形状语法作为主要工具,构建了面向大规模定制的建筑计算生成方法论,结合以形状规则为支撑的生成平台研发、算法思维主导的教育理念凝练以及数字技术驱动的多元化探索,凝练出系统性、自新性、开放性兼备的计算性设计哲学。本文对杜阿尔特的学术历程、理论探索和教学实践进行深入剖析,旨在为我国建筑学学科的发展和改革提供启发。

摘要：Harmful algal blooms(HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic *** HAB control techniques have been developed,and biological methods have been paid more *** bacteria is a general designation for bacteria which inhibit algal growth in a direct or indirect manner,and kill or damage the algal cells.A metabolite which is strongly toxic to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was produced by strain DH46 of the alga-lysing bacterium Alteromonas *** culture conditions were optimized using a single-factor test *** including carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature,initial pH value,rotational speed and salinity were *** results showed that the cultivation of the bacteria at 28℃ and 180 r min-1with initial pH 7 and 30 salt contcentration favored both the cell growth and the lysing effect of strain *** optimal medium composition for strain DH46 was determined by means of uniform design experimentation,and the most important components influencing the cell density were tryptone,yeast extract,soluble starch,NaNO3 and *** the following culture medium was used(tryptone 14.0g,yeast extract 1.63g,soluble starch 5.0 g,NaNO3 1.6 g,MgSO4 2.3 g in 1L),the largest bacterial dry weight(7.36 g L-1) was obtained,which was an enhancement of 107% compared to the initial medium;and the algal lysis rate was as high as 98.4% which increased nearly 10% after optimization.

摘要：ATP激活的配体门控阳离子通道P2X受体参与多种生理病理功能,是一类重要的新药靶标。目前发现的多种靶向P2X受体的小分子药物多数因结果未达到预期或存在明显的副作用而止步于临床研究。明确的调节机制可为靶向P2X受体的理性药物设计提供新的方向,从而提高药物发现概率和有效性。本文就P2X受体调节剂的作用机制进行综述,并对靶向P2X受体的小分子药物最新研究进展进行总结。

摘要：全蝎是我国临床常用动物药材,《中国药典》规定全蝎的唯一基原为钳蝎科动物东亚钳蝎,但目前我国蝎目物种丰富,全蝎药材及其深加工制品都存在混伪现象,其中全蝎深加工制品在加工过程中,其显微特征可能不完整或丢失,使得基原鉴别变得困难。该研究基于东亚钳蝎与其他蝎物种的形态和氧化酶亚基1(COⅠ)序列,构建ML系统发育树进行物种鉴定,从而发现全蝎主要混伪品为细尖狼蝎;使用特异性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)鉴定方法,通过COⅠ序列的差异SNP位点设计东亚钳蝎特异性鉴别引物,并筛选出全蝎药材与其配方颗粒的稳定引物区间,对全蝎药材及配方颗粒进行鉴定。通过优化PCR反应体系,当退火温度61℃、循环次数30次时,东亚钳蝎及其配方颗粒均可扩增出约150 bp明亮的特异性条带,其他混伪品均无条带。并对该方法的适应性进行考察,全蝎药材到冻干粉再到配方颗粒以及市售配方颗粒均可扩增出约150 bp的条带。研究结果表明,该方法可用于全蝎药材及其配方颗粒真伪鉴别,有利于完善全蝎配方颗粒的质量控制体系,为其临床应用提供保障。