摘要：High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFCs)bring new opportunities for portable power generation due to their outstanding advantages such as high tolerance to fuel/air impurities and simplified heat/water ***,carbon-supported nanostructured Pt-based catalysts running at temperatures over 150℃are challenged by the severe aggregation and carbon corrosion,thus leading to poor ***,we demonstrate that dendritic Pt-Ni nanoparticles supported on fluorinated carbon black(white carbon black)could significantly enhance the performance and durability of HT-PEMFCs as the cathode catalysts running at 160℃due to the strong interaction of the F and Ni atoms to form a Ni_(x)F_(y) interface on Pt-Ni *** the formation of a stable Ni_(x)F_(y) interface,this integrated HT-PEMFC reached peak power densities of 906 mW cm^(−2) and demonstrated excellent durability at 160℃ under anhydrous H_(2)/O_(2) *** mitigation strategy was applied to Pt-alloy/C electrocatalysts and resulted in the elimination of Pt dissolution in practical fuel cells.

摘要：High-entropy alloys(HEAs)have been widely studied due to their unconventional compositions and unique physicochemical properties for various ***,for the first time,we propose a surface strain strategy to tune the electrocatalytic activity of HEAs for methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).High-resolution aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)and elemental mapping demonstrate both uniform atomic dispersion and the formation of a face-centered cubic(FCC)crystalline structure in Pt Fe Co Ni Cu *** HEAs obtained by heat treatment at 700℃(HEA-700)exhibit 0.94%compressive strain compared with that obtained at 400℃(HEA-400).As expected,the specific activity and mass activity of HEA-700 is higher than that of HEA-400 and most of the state-of-the-art *** enhanced MOR activity can be attributed to a shorter Pt–Pt bond distance in HEA-700 resulting from compressive *** nonprecious metal atoms in the core could generate compressive strain and down shift d-band centers via electron transfer to surface Pt *** work presents a new perspective for the design of high-performance HEAs electrocatalysts.

摘要：当今社会日益严峻的能源危机进一步加速了生物质资源多层次转化利用的发展,现代生物质能源技术已成为研究热点.抗坏血酸是生物质平台分子之一,脱氢抗坏血酸作为抗坏血酸的氧化产物,不仅与抗坏血酸一起组成了生物抗氧化系统,而且还发挥着重要的生物医学功能,例如人体抗癌、抗病毒和抗衰老等.在众多的脱氢抗坏血酸制备方法中,抗坏血酸的电催化氧化提供了在常温常压条件下使用水作为氧化剂和电能作为能量输入生产脱氢抗坏血酸的机会.另一方面,在水体系内,较低的抗坏血酸理论氧化电位(E理论=0.390 V)使得抗坏血酸氧化反应/氢析出反应(AAOR/HER)电对可以在低电池电压下工作,降低了因高电压带来的能源消耗和设备要求等成本,实现低能耗条件下的化学品转化和制氢.本课题组通过简单的氧气等离子体在碳材料表面引入含氧官能团(OCGs),并揭示了OCGs和抗坏血酸分子脱氢动力学之间的关系,利用提升反应动力学的策略提高AAOR的电催化活性.得益于OCGs对抗坏血酸分子脱氢动力学的调控作用,所设计的氧气等离子体处理碳纸电极(PO-CP)可以在0.65 VRHE下驱动100 mAcm^(–2)的电流密度,明显优于原始碳纸(CP)和其他金属基电催化剂.此外,在PO-CP电极表面抗坏血酸制备脱氢抗坏血酸的法拉第效率超过90%,并且具备较好的稳定性(20 h).X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,随着等离子体处理时间的延长,碳表面的含氧量增加,最终呈现饱和状态.进一步利用氢气退火作为对照组去除表面的OCGs,发现退火过程中所有类型的OCGs含量都明显下降,其中羧基和羰基的含量变化明显,说明退火处理可显著去除碳表面的C=O键,进而影响其AAOR性能.电化学测试表明,OCGs的引入提升了碳材料的AAOR本征活性,氢气退火对照组性能急剧下降,进一步表明了碳表面的含氧官能团对AAOR性能的提升至关重要.结合XPS结果,分析其中C=O键可能对AAOR本征活性的提升发挥重要作用.为降低三维电极带来的传质影响及等离子体处理对碳表面清洁影响等,进一步选用商业碳粉(XC72)作为模型材料并在玻碳电极表面探究OCGs的影响,同时选择氧气等离子体刻蚀和电化学氧化方法作为OCGs修饰策略.电化学测试表明,XC72表面的电化学性能规律和碳纸表面类似,进一步表明了碳表面的OCGs对AAOR的性能提升至关重要.最后,通过密度泛函理论来对AAOR的各基元步骤的吉布斯自由能(Gads)进行了研究.结果表明,OCGs修饰后,虽然AAOR的决速步骤没有发生变化(第一步脱氢过程),但是ΔGads变化明显.相比于原始碳晶格(G(ads(C))=1.36 eV),不同含氧官能团修饰下的碳表面的吉布斯自由能变化为ΔG(ads(-OH))=1.33 eV,ΔG(ads(C=O))=1.55 eV,ΔG(ads(-COOH))=1.24 eV.由此可见,含氧官能团特别是羧基的引入,可以显著降低AAOR过程中脱氢能垒,通过增强脱氢动力学来实现高效的抗坏血酸转化.此外,还将AAOR和HER集成到质子交换膜型电解槽中,当PO-CP阳极和Pt/C阴极组装时,在0.98 V(80℃)的超低电池电压下获得了1.00 Acm^(–2)的电流,这是目前电催化有机物转化反应的一个非常有优势的数据.而且系统每产生1 m^(3)的氢气只需要1.54 kWh的电能,几乎是传统电解水(4.95 kWh)的三分之一.综上,基于抗坏血酸在PO-CP表面高效率的电化学转化,这项工作为电化学生物质转化升级和制氢提供了更环保更经济的策略,并为适应规模化生产的电极设计提供了参考。