摘要：Although dielectric elastomer(DE)with substantial actuated strain(AS)has been reported 20 years ago,its scientific understanding remains *** most accepted theory of DE,which is proposed in 2000,holds the view that AS of DE is induced by the Maxwell *** to this theory,materials have similar ratios of permittivity and Young’s modulus should have similar AS,while the experimental results are on contrary to this theory,and the experimental AS has no relationship with ideal ***,a new dipole-conformation-actuated strain cross-scale model is proposed,which can be generally applied to explain the AS of DE without *** to this model,several characteristics of an ideal DE are listed in this work and a new DE based on polyphosphazene(PPZ)is *** AS of PPZ can reach 84%without any *** last,a PPZ-based all soft artificial heart(ASAH)is built,which works in the similar way with natural myocardium,indicating that this material has great application potential and possibility in the construction of an ASAH for heart failure(HF)patients.

摘要：Feasible construction of cathode materials with highly dispersed active sites can extend the tri‐ple‐phase boundaries,and therefore leading to enhanced electrode kinetics for CO_(2) electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC).Herein,highly dispersed nickel species with low loading(1.0 wt%)were trapped within the La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)FeO_(3)–δ‐Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2)–δvia a facial mechanical milling ap‐proach,which demonstrated excellent CO_(2) electrolysis *** highly dispersed nickel species can significantly alter the electronic structures of the LSF‐SDC without affecting its porous network and facilitate oxygen vacancy formation,thus greatly promote the CO_(2) electrolysis perfor‐*** highest current density of 1.53 A·cm^(-2) could be achieved when operated under 800℃ at 1.6 V,which is about 91%higher than the LSF‐SDC counterpart.

摘要：目前阿尔茨海默病(AD)尚无有效的防治方法,早期临床干预可以延缓其进展,改善预后。然而现有的方法只考虑从群体关系中学习到的神经影像学特征而不考虑被试的个体特征。本研究设计了一种新颖的多模态多通道稀疏图变换网络(MSGTN)以期实现早期AD识别。首先,获取并处理每个被试者的影像信息[如弥散张量成像(DTI)和功能磁共振成像(fMRI)等]以及其相应的非影像信息(如年龄、性别等);其次,利用局部加权聚类系数(LWCC)将功能信息和结构信息进行融合,并将已融合的多模态影像特征与受试者的性别和年龄信息相结合来构建稀疏图;最后,将构建的稀疏图输入所设计的MSGTN网络模型用于早期AD识别。从公共数据库ADNI上获得共170个受试者,其中38个晚期轻度认知障碍(LMCI)患者,44个早期轻度认知障碍(EMCI)患者,44个显著记忆下降(SMC)患者和44个正常对照(NC)。结果表明,SMC与NC的准确度为87.02%,EMCI与NC的准确度为87.40%,LMCI与NC的准确度为91.49%,SMC与EMCI的准确度为88.93%、SMC与LMCI的准确度为86.74%、EMCI与LMCI的准确度为92.12%。所提出的诊断模型不仅能够分析出NC与3种不同早期AD疾病状态,而且在3种不同早期AD疾病状态中也取得了优越的分类性能。

摘要：随着转基因技术的发展,出现了多种对基因组进行定点编辑的新技术。本文介绍了常用的植物基因组定点编辑技术的基本原理,特别对新近发展起来的CRISPR/Cas系统的原理、组成及各元件的作用等进行了综述,比较了CRISPR/Cas系统与ZFN、TALEN等常用定点编辑技术的异同。文中列举了利用CRISPR/Cas系统对几种单子叶和双子叶植物进行基因组定点编辑的案例,认为通过CRISPR/Cas系统对植物基因组进行定点编辑是可行的,特别是由于嵌合sg RNA的成功设计,使得应用CRISPR/Cas系统更加简单方便。研究人员正在努力降低CRISPR/Cas系统的毒性和脱靶率,拓宽该技术的应用空间。

摘要：对铁路运输检修单位的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排查过程中发现了诸多问题,暴露出铁路行业目前尚未形成适合的VOCs治理技术。基于此,本文从源头控制、过程收集控制和末端治理技术入手,讨论分析适合铁路VOCs治理的关键技术。最后,根据铁路VOCs排放低浓度和中风量等特点,分析某铁路局车辆喷漆VOCs治理应用项目,得出采用“吸附法+催化燃烧”组合工艺的末端治理技术,既达到国家及地方相关环保排放标准,又最大限度地减轻了废气排放对环境的污染。