摘要：A grand challenge facing society is climate change caused mainly by rising CO_(2) concentration in Earth’s *** plants are linchpins in global carbon cycling,with a unique capability of capturing CO_(2) via photosynthesis and translocating captured carbon to stems,roots,and soils for long-term ***,many researchers postulate that existing land plants cannot meet the ambitious requirement for CO_(2) removal to mitigate climate change in the future due to low photosynthetic efficiency,limited carbon allocation for long-term storage,and low suitability for the *** address these limitations,there is an urgent need for genetic improvement of existing plants or construction of novel plant systems through biosystems design(or biodesign).Here,we summarize validated biological parts(e.g.,protein-encoding genes and noncoding RNAs)for biological engineering of carbon dioxide removal(CDR)traits in terrestrial plants to accelerate land-based decarbonization in bioenergy plantations and agricultural settings and promote a vibrant ***,we first summarize the framework of plant-based CDR(e.g.,CO_(2) capture,translocation,storage,and conversion to value-added products).Then,we highlight some representative biological parts,with experimental evidence,in this ***,we discuss challenges and strategies for the identification and curation of biological parts for CDR engineering in plants.

摘要：Plants adapt to their changing environments by sensing and responding to physical,biological,and chemical *** to their sessile lifestyles,plants experience a vast array of external stimuli and selectively perceive and respond to specific *** repurposing the logic circuitry and biological and molecular components used by plants in nature,genetically encoded plant-based biosensors(GEPBs)have been developed by directing signal recognition mechanisms into carefully assembled outcomes that are easily *** allow for in vivo monitoring of biological processes in plants to facilitate basic studies of plant growth and *** are also useful for environmental monitoring,plant abiotic and biotic stress management,and accelerating design-build-test-learn cycles of plant *** the advent of synthetic biology,biological and molecular components derived from alternate natural organisms(e.g.,microbes)and/or de novo parts have been used to build *** this review,we summarize the framework for engineering different types of *** then highlight representative validated biological components for building plant-based biosensors,along with various applications of plant-based biosensors in basic and applied plant science ***,we discuss challenges and strategies for the identification and design of biological components for plant-based biosensors.

摘要：For decades,plants have been the subject of genetic engineering to synthesize novel,value-added ***(PHAs),a large class of biodegradable biopolymers naturally synthesized in eubacteria,are among the novel products that have been introduced to make use of plant acetyl-CoA metabolic *** was hoped that renewable PHA production would help address environmental issues associated with the accumulation of nondegradable plastic ***,after three decades of effort synthesizing PHAs,and in particular the simplest form polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB),and seeking to improve their production in plants,it has proven very difficult to reach a commercially profitable rate in a normally growing *** seems to be due to the growth defects associated with PHA production and accumulation in plant ***,we review major breakthroughs that have been made in plant-based PHA synthesis using traditional genetic engineering approaches and discuss challenges that have been ***,from the point of view of plant synthetic biology,we provide perspectives on reprograming plant acetyl-CoA pathways for PHA production,with the goal of maximizing PHA yield while minimizing growth ***,we suggest genetic elements that can be considered in genetic circuit design,approaches for nuclear genome and plastome modification,and the use of multiomics and mathematical modeling in understanding and restructuring plant metabolic pathways.

摘要：Global demand for food and bioenergy production has increased rapidly,while the area of arable land has been declining for decades due to damage caused by erosion,pollution,sea level rise,urban development,soil salinization,and water scarcity driven by global climate *** order to overcome this conflict,there is an urgent need to adapt conventional agriculture to water-limited and hotter conditions with plant crop systems that display higher water-use efficiency(WUE).Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)species have substantially higher WUE than species performing C3 or C4 *** plants are derived from C3 photosynthesis ***,it is extremely unlikely that the C3 or C4 crop plants would evolve rapidly into CAM photosynthesis without human ***,there is growing interest in improving WUE through transferring CAM into C3 ***,engineering a major metabolic plant pathway,like CAM,is challenging and requires a comprehensive deep understanding of the enzymatic reactions and regulatory networks in both C3 and CAM photosynthesis,as well as overcoming physiometabolic limitations such as diurnal stomatal *** advances in CAM evolutionary genomics research,genome editing,and synthetic biology have increased the likelihood of successful acceleration of C3-to-CAM ***,we first summarize the systems biology-level understanding of the molecular processes in the CAM ***,we review the principles of CAM engineering in an evolutionary ***,we discuss the technical approaches to accelerate the C3-to-CAM transition in plants using synthetic biology toolboxes.

摘要：Human life intimately depends on plants for food,biomaterials,health,energy,and a sustainable *** plants have been genetically improved mostly through breeding,along with limited modification via genetic engineering,yet they are still not able to meet the ever-increasing needs,in terms of both quantity and quality,resulting from the rapid increase in world population and expected standards of living.A step change that may address these challenges would be to expand the potential of plants using biosystems design *** represents a shift in plant science research from relatively simple trial-and-error approaches to innovative strategies based on predictive models of biological *** biosystems design seeks to accelerate plant genetic improvement using genome editing and genetic circuit engineering or create novel plant systems through de novo synthesis of plant *** this perspective,we present a comprehensive roadmap of plant biosystems design covering theories,principles,and technical methods,along with potential applications in basic and applied plant biology *** highlight current challenges,future opportunities,and research priorities,along with a framework for international collaboration,towards rapid advancement of this emerging interdisciplinary area of ***,we discuss the importance of social responsibility in utilizing plant biosystems design and suggest strategies for improving public perception,trust,and acceptance.