摘要：Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)is one of the most promising strategies to transform oxygen-rich biomass derivatives into high value-added chemicals and fuels,but highly challenging due to the lack of highly efficient nonprecious metal ***,we report for the first time of a facile synthetic approach to controllably fabricate well-defined Ni-Co alloy NPs confined on the tip of N-CNTs as HDO *** resultant Ni-Co alloy catalyst possesses outstanding HDO performance towards biomass-derived vanillin into 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol in water with 100%conversion efficiency and selectivity under mild reaction conditions,surpassing the reported high performance nonprecious HDO ***,our experimental results also unveil that the Ni-Co alloy catalyst can be generically applied to catalyze HDO of vanillin derivatives and other aromatic aldehydes in water with 100%conversion efficiency and over 90%***,our DFT calculations and experimental results confirm that the achieved outstanding HDO catalytic performance is due to the greatly promoted selective adsorption and activation of C=O,and desorption of the activated hydrogen species by the synergism of the alloyed Ni-Co *** findings of this work affords a new strategy to design and develop efficient transition metal-based catalysts for HDO reactions in water.

摘要：Catalytic hydrogenation is a vital industrial means to produce value-added fuels and fine chemicals,however, requiring highly efficient catalysts, especially the nonprecious ones. To date, the majority of high-performance industrial hydrogenation catalysts are made of precious metals-based materials, and any given catalyst could only be used to catalyze one or few specific reactions. Herein, we exemplify a crystal phase engineering approach to empower Ni nanoparticles(NPs) with superb intrinsic catalytic activities toward a wide spectrum of hydrogenation reactions. A facile pyrolysis approach is used to directly convert a Ni-imidazole MOF precursor into hexagonal close-packed(hcp)-phased Ni NPs on carbon support. The as-synthesized hcp-phased Ni NPs exhibit unprecedented hydrogenation catalytic activities in pure water towards nitro-, aldehyde-, ketone-, alkene-and N heterocyclic-compounds, outperforming the face-centered cubic(fcc)-Ni counterpart and the reported transition metalsbased catalysts. The density functional theory calculations unveil that the presence of hcp-Ni boosts the intrinsic catalytic hydrogenation activity by coherently enhancing the substrate adsorption strength and lowering the reaction barrier energy of the rate-determining step. We anticipate that the crystal phase engineering design approach unveiled in this work would be adoptable to other types of reactions.

摘要：The design of non-noble metal heterogeneous catalyst with superior performance for selective hydrogenation or transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to amines is significant but ***,a single-atom Fe supported by nitrogen-doped carbon(Fe_(1)/N-C)catalyst is *** Fe_(1)/N-C sample shows superior performances for the selective hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline at different *** functional theory(DFT)calculations show that the superior catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation at lower temperatures could be attributed to the effective activation of the reactant and intermediates by the Fe_(1)/***,the excellent performance of Fe_(1)/N-C for the selective transfer hydrogenation could be attributed to that the reaction energy barrier for dehydrogenation of isopropanol can be overcome by elevated temperatures.

摘要：为定量研究老年人对居住环境的热舒适需求及特征规律,2021年夏季对桂林市13个居住小区124户住宅室内外热环境参数进行现场实测,同时对居住其中的175位老年人展开热舒适主观问卷调查,回收有效问卷522份。通过回归分析等统计分析方法,分析个体差异下老年人的热舒适特性和作用机理。结果表明,桂林市老年人夏季实测中性温度为26.3℃,预测中性温度为25.7℃,期望温度为25.4℃,热感觉、热期望、热满意存在同步现象;老年人的热舒适受性别、年龄、健康状况等因素影响,高龄、健康、老年女性的中性温度和期望温度均分别高于低龄、患慢性疾病、老年男性。本研究可为适老建筑室内热环境改善和节能设计提供科学依据。

摘要：通过样线法普查毕节市威宁县观风海镇大型菌物资源,对大型真菌的种类进行评价,采用分子生物学和形态学鉴定采集到的大型真菌。结果表明,隶属于2门,3纲,9目,18科,35属,60种,优势属为红菇菌属、乳菇属、牛肝菌属、鹅膏属和蜡蘑属。从经济价值来看,当地大型真菌的开发有待于进一步发掘。