摘要：Refractory alloys such as tungsten and molybdenum based alloys with high strength,thermal/electrical conductivity,low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent creep resistances are highly desirable for applications in nuclear facilities,critical components in aerospace and defense ***,the serious embrittlement limits the engineering usability of some refractory alloys.A lot of research results indicate that the performances of refractory alloys are closely related to the physical/chemical status,such as the interface dimension,interface type,interface composition of their grain boundaries(GBs),phase boundaries(PBs)and other interface *** paper reviewed the recent progress of simulations and experiments on interface design strategies that achieve high performance refractory *** strategies include GB interface purifying/strengthening,PB interface strengthening and PB/GB synergistic *** details are provided on the design/fabrication strategy such as GB interface controlling,PB interface controlling and synergistic control of multi-scaled *** corresponding performances such as the mechanical property,thermal conductivity,thermal load resistance,thermal stability,irradiation resistance,and oxidation resistance are reviewed in the aspect to the effect of *** addition,the relationships between these interfaces and material properties are ***,future developments and potential new research directions for refractory alloys are proposed.

摘要：景观设计是一个基于科学的解决规划和设计问题的艺术性行业。本文根据jon Bryan Burley博士2007年秋在南京林业大学为规划与设计专业师生所作的第七次演讲的内容,阐述了科学与艺术之间的平衡。Burley博士通过展示和列举他在中国工作时个人手绘作品及在密歇根所做的计算机辅助视觉质量评估工作的案例,描述了艺术和科学之间的区别、标准化的理论和科学理论之间的区别。Burley博士认为,作为设计师,艺术和科学两种方法缺一不可。随着科技的发展变化,新方法和新技术终将完美结合并被专业所接受。

摘要：试验通过在断奶仔猪日粮中添加经嗜酸乳杆菌或乳酸片球菌发酵的高水分玉米,研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响。试验采用完全随机分组设计,选用体重和窝次没有显著差异并刚断奶的仔猪270头(去势公猪和母猪各半),随机分配到3个饲粮处理组(每组5个重复,每个重复18头猪)。各组日粮包括基础饲粮与以下各组补充饲粮:未添加任何微生物菌剂但自然发酵的高水分玉米(对照组);乳酸杆菌(LA)发酵的高水分玉米;乳酸片球菌(PA)发酵的高水分玉米。日粮以液体形式饲喂仔猪5周。采用定量聚合酶链式反应(定量PCR)和PCR特异性引物对嗜酸乳杆菌或乳酸片球菌进行分析,结果表明,每个在高水分玉米中接种发酵的细菌群体都发育良好,其中短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的主要发酵产物是乳酸。从3组中抽样进行检测发现,LA-发酵玉米含乳酸浓度最高。在5周的饲养期间不同日粮处理对猪的生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。但试验的后3周,LA处理组的体增重显著高于PA处理组(P<0.05)。饲喂LA-发酵高水分玉米组的粪便样本中大肠杆菌显著低于饲喂PA-发酵高水分玉米组(P<0.05)。PCR和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术联合分析结肠菌群的细菌型显示,3个菌群和PA处理组的微生物形成1个群集。此外,饲喂LA-或PA-发酵玉米可显著减少结肠细菌微生物复制的多样性和丰富性(P<0.05),说明嗜酸乳杆菌和乳酸片球菌对猪的小肠没有不良的影响。研究结果表明,日粮中添加由益生菌发酵的高水分玉米,可调节肠道菌群,且LA有影响断奶仔猪生长性能的潜能。

摘要：文章旨在研究过瘤胃γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对热应激奶牛的生长性能和养分消化率的影响,试验为完全随机区组试验设计,将60头荷斯坦奶牛(泌乳期:141±15 d,产奶量:35.9±4.3 kg·d-1,奇偶性:2.0±1.1)随机分为4个处理组,包括:添加GABA 0(对照组)、40、80、120 mg·kg-1干物质。试验共持续10周,在7:00、14:00和22:00的平均温湿度指数分别为78.4、80.2和78.7。随着GABA的浓度的增加,在7:00、14:00和22:00直肠温度呈线性下降。在任何时间点上添加GABA对呼吸速率无显著影响。随着GABA浓度的增加干物质采食量、能量校正产奶量、4%的标准乳和乳脂率线性增加。GABA对乳蛋白和乳糖呈二次方增加,其最大值为40 mg·kg-1。和牛奶中尿素氮浓度呈二次相关。总固形物的含量随GABA浓度增加而增加。添加GABA对产奶量、乳糖、总固形物、乳脂率、体细胞评分和饲料效率无显著影响。各处理组间DM的全消化道表观消化率、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维无显著差异。研究表明,添加过瘤胃GABA可以通过降低直肠温度,增加采食量来缓解热应激,并且可以增加产奶量,提高乳成分。对热应激奶牛GABA的最适添加量为40mg·kg-1。

摘要：Breaching of embankments has recently drawn more and more attention due to its importance in the development of early warning systems for embankment failures,in the evacuation plans of people at risk,in the design method of embankments based on a risk-approach,etc. The erosion process observed during embankment breaching tests in the laboratory and the analysis of the results are described in this paper. Five embankments,one constructed with pure sand,four with different sand-silt-clay mixtures were tested. The height of the embankments was 75 cm and the width at the crest was 60 cm. Examination of the data from these tests indicated that headcut erosion played an important role in the process of breach growth in the embankments made of cohesive soil mixtures. Flow shear erosion,fluidization of the headcut slope surface,undermining of the headcut due to impinging jet scour and discrete soil mechanical slope mass failure from the headcut were all observed during these tests. For the embankment constructed with pure sand,the breach erosion process was dominated by shear erosion,which led to a gradual and relatively uniform retreat of the downstream slope. The cohesive proportion in the sand-silt-clay mixtures strongly slowed down the erosion process.

摘要：Tuning the electronic properties of single atom catalysts(SACs)between the central metal and the neighboring surface atoms has emerged as an efficient strategy to boost catalytic efficiency and metal *** we describe a simple and efficient approach to create atomically dispersed palladium atoms supported over defect-containing porous ceria nanorod containing palladium up to 0.26 wt.%.The existence of singly dispersed palladium atoms is confirmed by spherical aberration correction electron microscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure *** catalyst shows excellent efficiency in hydrodehalogenation reactions at low H2 pressure under mild conditions,along with satisfactory recyclability and *** functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the high activity stems from the spatial isolation of palladium atoms and the modified electronic structure of palladium confined in defect-containing ceria *** work may lay the foundation for the facile creation of single atom catalysts within the synthetic community and shed light on the possibility for scale-up production.

摘要：Viral vector gene delivery is a promising technique for the therapeutic administra- tion of proteins to damaged tissue for the improvement of regeneration outcomes in various disease settings including brain and spinal cord injury, as well as autoimmune diseases. Though promising results have been demonstrated, limitations of viral vectors, including spread of the virus to distant sites, neutralization by the host immune system, and low transduction efficiencies have stimulated the investigation of biomaterials as gene delivery vehicles for improved protein expression at an injury site. Here, we show how N- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl （Fmoc） self-assembling peptide （SAP） hydrogels, designed for tissue-specific central nervous system （CNS） applications via incorporation of the laminin peptide sequence isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine- valine （IKVAV）, are effective as biocompatible, localized viral vector gene delivery vehicles in vivo. Through the addition of a C-terminal lysine （K） residue, we show that increased electrostatic interactions, provided by the additional amine side chain, allow effective immobilization of lentiviral vector particles, thereby limiting their activity exclusively to the site of injection and enabling focal gene delivery in vivo in a tissue-specific manner. When the C-terminal lysine was absent, no difference was observed between the number of transfected cells, the volume of tissue transfected, or the transfection efficiency with and without the Fmoc-SAP. Importantly, immobilization of the virus only affected transfection cell number and volume, with no impact observed on transfection efficiency. This hydrogel allows the sustained and targeted delivery of growth factors post injury. We have established Fmoc-SAPs as a versatile platform for enhanced biomaterial design for a range of tissue engineering applications.

摘要：植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变异,是否表现出类似的CTD,其CTD和群落加权平均性状值(CWM)是否沿环境梯度表现出类似的响应。研究结果表明,叶片和根系性状变异的第一轴均呈显出由资源获取向资源保守变异的经济学谱,但叶片变异的第二轴主要由叶片碳含量表征,而根系变异的第二轴主要由反映菌根协作程度的根系粗细表征。类比的叶片和根系化学性状整体正相关,但形态性状的耦合程度较低。在群落水平上,叶片和根系性状第一轴的CWM均随海拔升高而变得更保守,而第二轴的变化则不一致。随土壤磷含量的降低或钾含量的升高,根系变得更细和在养分性状上更保守,而叶片性状无显著变化。当整合多维性状轴时,叶片性状呈发散格局,且随海拔、土壤磷和钾含量的增加呈收敛趋势;而根系性状呈收敛格局,但沿上述环境梯度呈发散趋势。该研究强调,叶片和根系性状与环境互作的差异可能导致不同的性状分布格局;植物可通过多样的地上和地下功能设计应对环境异质性。

摘要：提出了一种在信号线上刻蚀电磁带隙(EBG)结构的微带线互连结构及其设计方法.该互连具有良好的通带传输特性和阻带抑制特性,所以能够抑制同步开关噪声(SSN),保证信号的完整性.该EBG微带线互连采用印制电路板(PCB)工艺进行了加工,S参数的仿真与测试结果具有良好的一致性,表明该互连可以有效抑制同步开关噪声.另外,将该EBG微带线互连与在接地板上刻蚀相同尺寸的EBG的微带线互连做了对比,散射参数和时域波形的分析结果表明,提出的EBG微带线互连具有更强的SSN抑制能力和更好的信号完整性.

摘要：配电网高级应用软件是配电网自动化系统的重要组成部分。针对配电自动化系统复杂环境下的数据交互问题,以及基于数据级任务分解的分布式计算通信需求问题,提出了基于ZeroMQ消息中间件的分布式通信架构,并设计了能够传输复杂消息的通用消息格式。ZeroMQ的优秀性能使得该通信架构可有效支撑分布式计算平台在异构系统间快速交换数据,缩短了高级应用分析的计算时间,并增加了系统的容错性。利用济南市配电自动化主站系统的实际工程环境进行了部署和测试,测试结果证明了该通信架构的可行性。