摘要：Biological knowledge is becoming an important source of inspiration for developing creative solutions to engineering design problems and even has a huge potential in formulating ideas that can help firms compete successfully in a dynamic *** identify the technologies and methods that can facilitate the development ofbiologically inspired creative designs,this research briefly reviews the existing biological-knowledge-based theories and methods and examines the application of biological-knowledge-inspired designs in various ***,this research thoroughly examines the four dimensions of key technologies that underlie the biologically inspired design(BID)*** research then discusses the future development trends of the BID process before presenting the conclusions.

摘要：Achieving a satisfactory energy-power combination in a supercapacitor that is based on all-carbon electrodes and operates in benign aqueous media instead of conventional organic electrolytes is a major challenge. For this purpose, we fabricated carbon nanoflakes （20-100 nm in thickness, 5-μm in width） containing an unparalleled combination of a large surface area （3,000 m2-g-1 range） and mesoporosity （up to 72%）. These huge-surface area functionalized carbons （HSAFCs） also had a substantial oxygen and nitrogen content （N10 wt.% combined）, with a significant fraction of redox-active carboxyl/phenol groups in an optimized specimen. Their unique structure and chemistry resulted from a tailored single-step carbonization-activation approach employing （2-benzimidazolyl） acetonitrile combined with potassium hydroxide （KOH）. The HSAFCs exhibited specific capacitances of 474 F-g-1 at 0.5 A.g-1 and 285 F-g-1 at 100 A.g-1 （charging time 〈 3 s） in an aqueous 2 M KOH solution. These values are among the highest reported, especially at high currents. When tested with a stable 1.8-V window in a 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, a symmetric supercapacitor device using the fabricated nanoflakes as electrodes yielded a normalized active mass of 24.4 Wh-kg-1 at 223 W·kg-1 and 7.3 Wh·kg-1 at 9,360 W·kg-1. The latter value corresponds to a charge time of 〈3 s. The cyclability of the devices was excellent, with 93% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. All the electrochemical results were achieved by employing electrodes with near-commercial mass loadings of 8 mg-cm-2.

摘要：The fore claws of the nymph of Cryptotympana atrata have excellent ability to cut and dig soil. Inspired by this, we designed a biomimetic stubble cutter to reduce the cutting resistance. Reverse engineering and 3D print technology were applied to design the biomimetic stubble cutter. Two types of biomimetic corn stubble cutters with different tooth heights （5 mm and 2.5 mm） were designed. The cutting ability of biomimetic corn stubble cutters was compared to the conventional design by the quadratic regression orthogonal test. Tooth height, dip angle of cutting edge, and cutting velocity were chosen as orthogonal test factors. The biomimetic stubble cutters show lower cutting resistance than the conventional one. Cutting velocity exerts the least effect on cutting resistance, followed by tooth height and dip angle of cutting edge. Optimal combination with the least cutting resistance is tooth height of 2.5 mm and dip angle of cutting edge of 40° while the cutting resistance does not vary remarkably with cutting velocity. Test results indicate the serrated structure design as a principal factor for cutting resistance reduction. The biomimetic stubble cutter design, inspired by the soil-cutting mechanism of Cryptotympana atrata nymph, remarkably improves the performance of stubble cutter.

摘要：Hierarchical nanostructures have attracted widespread interest owing to their unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Thus, they are considered promising electrocatalytic materials. In this work, a novel hierarchical porous nanocomposite of cobalt phosphide nanocage@ferric-zinc mixed-metal phosphide nanotubes(denoted Co P@Zn Fe P) was fabricated using a self-assembly approach. Because of their structural and compositional merits, the as-prepared phosphide hybrids have abundant catalytic active sites and high porosity for facile mass diffusion. In an alkaline electrolyte, the CoP@ZnFeP flower-like hybrids displayed enhanced catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction compared with a mechanical mixture of Co P and Zn Fe P nanoparticles. The CoP@ZnFeP hierarchical nanocomposites also showed excellent activity for the overall water splitting reaction, yielding a water-splitting current of 10 mA/cm^2 on the application of just 1.6 V, as well as excellent durability(24-h long-term operation) in a two-electrode system. Our design methodology may create opportunities to search for highly efficient and robust non-precious metal catalysts with applications in high-performance energy conversion and storage devices.

摘要：The Knudsen effusion cell is often used to grow high-quality Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)thin film in coevaporation ***,the traditional single-heating Knudsen effusion cell cannot deliver complete metal selenides during the whole deposition process,particularly for a low-temperature deposition process,which is probably due to the condensation and droplet ejection at the nozzle of the *** this study,thermodynamics analysis is conducted to decipher the reason for this ***,a new single-heating Knudsen effusion is proposed to solve this difficult problem,which leads to an improvement in the quality of CIGS film and a relative increase in conversion efficiency of 29%at a growth rate of about 230 nm
min1,compared with the traditional efficiency in a lowtemperature rapid-deposition process.

摘要：The application of antimony sulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))has been limited mainly to the energy storage and photoelectric conversion ***,in this work,the application of Sb_(2)S_(3) is extended to the field of electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption for the first ***-permittivity Sb_(2)S_(3) singlecrystal nanorods were prepared successfully and exhibited excellent performance,with a low reflection loss of -65.9 dB(13.0 GHz,3.8 mm)and an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth of 9.5 GHz(8.5-18.0 GHz,4.1 mm).After excluding the general absorption mechanisms,including conductive losses,interfacial polarization,and dipole polarization,the distinctive single-crystal volume polarization affected by shape anisotropy was *** work not only meets the challenge of a single-component dielectric material design but also introduces a new concept for construction of efficient dielectric EM wave absorption material.

摘要：Culture is the soul of a nation, and also the basis of landscape design, the basis of historical inheritance and innovation. Japanese garden was born out of Chinese garden, but because of the difference of geographical environment and national culture, Japanese gardens combine Chinese culture with local national characteristics, forming a unique garden culture in Japan. Based on the research on Japanese gardens like pond garden, rock garden and tea garden, this study analyzed the cultural connotation in Japanese garden landscape design, made in-depth understanding of Japanese landscape development, explored the value existing in the contemporary garden design of Japanese gardens, with the aim to make use of the excellent experience to the garden landscape design in the future.

摘要：针对中性点接地变压器直流偏磁电流受轨道交通动态杂散电流泄漏和段场接地影响的问题,综合考虑多列车运行工况,建立杂散电流分布扩散的车-地-网耦合模型,并采用复镜像法计算大地电位;定义接地网的自电阻系数和互电阻系数,建立直流偏磁电流与大地电位的耦合关系,根据杂散电流侵入路径的拓扑结构,构建大地电位和直流偏磁电流的场路耦合模型;设计轨道交通杂散电流侵入电网的缩比模拟试验,并通过试验与模型计算进行验证.研究结果表明:试验结果和模型计算之间的最大误差为8.41%;钢轨对地过渡电阻从3.00Ω•km增大到15.00Ω•km,直流偏磁电流的绝对平均值减小82.4%;在车辆段和正线之间采用阻断式连接装置比采用单向导通装置减小23.45%的直流偏磁电流.

摘要：As a powerful non-destructive and label-free detection technology,surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)has been widely used in environmental-pollutant detection,biological-tissue sensing,molecular fingerprint analysis and so *** from the traditional SERS substrates represented by noble metals and semiconductors,herein,we report a new highly sensitive SERS substrate material with high stability,biocompatibility,and low cost,namely nucleusfree two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)Ti3C2 monolayer *** highly crystalline monolayer Ti3C2 nanosheets with clean surface are synthesized by an improved chemical exfoliation and microwave heating *** unique structure of nucleus-free-2DEG in Ti3C2 monolayer provides an ideal transport channel without nuclear scattering,which makes the highly crystalline monolayer Ti3C2 nanosheets achieve a Raman enhanced factor of 3.82×108 and a 10-11 level detection limit for typical environmental pollutants such as azo dyes,trichlorophenol,and bisphenol *** imaging is also realized on the surface of the Ti3C2 monolayers,which may be the first time that approximate single-molecule imaging has been achieved on a non-noblemetal SERS *** toxicological experiments show that the cytotoxicity of this material is very *** the facile synthesis,high biocompatibility,low cost and high chemical stability of carbide nanosheets,these Ti3C2 monolayer nanosheets show significant promise for the design and fabrication of flexible SERS substrates for the sensing of trace substances with ultrahigh sensitivity.

摘要：为规范铁路、公路工程等陆路交通基础设施工程设计交付的数字化成果,保证设计数据向施工阶段移交的完整性、正确性及通用性,提高设计数据利用率和数字化程度,结合国内外陆路交通基础设施设计数据数字化交付现状调研,在公铁工程二维设计交付基础上,融合三维设计数据,研究制定陆路交通基础设施设计阶段(可研、初步设计、施工图设计)数字化交付标准和交付内容(说明、附件、附图、附模),并将交付内容离散为结构化数据、三维信息模型、非结构化数据。结构化数据规定基于UML类图和元数据子集梳理各业务之间关联关系,采用XML SCHEMA数字化交付;三维信息模型规定采用IFC格式进行交付,并规定模型交付内容及深度要求、模型表达要求(基本模型+参考模型)、信息提交要求等;非结构化数据一般采用PDF格式或表格形式进行线上审批管理。标准规定三维信息模型、结构化与非结构化数据等不同表达方式之间的具有属性关联映射及规范的数字化交付标准流程定义,实现公铁陆路交通设计数据的无损传递,解决设计交付数据计算机识别性差、再利用率低等问题,为全生命周期公铁陆路交通行业数字化、智能化奠定基础。