摘要：The central solenoid(CS) is an important component of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor, for producing, forming and stabilizing plasma in the superconducting tokamak. It is a complicated work to design and manufacture the large superconducting CS magnet, so it is meaningful to design a central solenoid model coil(CSMC) and analyze its electromagnetic properties in advance. In this paper, the structure, design parameters and magnetic field distribution of the CS model coil are discussed. The peak power of radial and axial turn conductors and time bucket loss are analyzed by using piecewise-linear method. The CSMC AC loss with different Nb3 Sn CICCs and AC loss of ITER CS coil are compared. The special electrometric method to measure AC loss of the CS model coil for future reference is presented.

摘要：Maltose is a natural α-(1,4)-linked disaccharide with wide applications in food industries and microbial fermentation. However,maltose has scarcely been used for in vitro biosynthesis, possibly because its phosphorylation by maltose phosphorylase (MP)yields β-glucose 1-phosphate (β-G1P) that cannot be utilized by α-phosphoglucomutase (α-PGM) commonly found in in vitrosynthetic enzymatic biosystems previously constructed by our group. Herein, we designed an in vitro synthetic enzymaticreaction module comprised of MP, β-phosphoglucomutase (β-PGM), and polyphosphate glucokinase (PPGK) for thestoichiometric conversion of each maltose molecule to two glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) molecules. Based on this syntheticmodule, we further constructed two in vitro synthetic biosystems to produce bioelectricity and fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP),respectively. The 14-enzyme biobattery achieved a Faraday efficiency of 96.4% and a maximal power density of 0.6mW/cm^(2),whereas the 5-enzyme in vitro FDP-producing biosystem yielded 187.0mM FDP from 50 g/L (139mM) maltose by adopting afed-batch substrate feeding strategy. Our study not only suggests new application scenarios for maltose but also provides novelstrategies for the high-efficient production of bioelectricity and value-added biochemicals.

摘要：Uncovering the structure evolution and real active species of energy catalytic materials under reaction conditions is important for both understanding structure-activity relationship and constructing electrocatalysts for CO2 electroreduction(CO2ER).And integrating CO2ER with an anodic organic transformation to replace the oxygen evolution reaction is highly ***,In2O3 is selected as the model material to reveal the surface reconstruction under CO2ER *** situ and ex situ results reveal that the electrochemical in situ reconstruction of crystalline In2O3 leads to the formation of crystalline-In/amorphous In2O3-x heterostructure(In/In2O3-x).In/In2O3-xacts as the real active phase with Faradaic efficiency of^89.2%for the formate,outperforming In(~67.5%).The improved performance can be ascribed to electron-rich In rectified by Schottky effect of ***,formate and high-value octanenitrile can be simultaneously achieved by integrating CO2ER with octylamine oxidation in an In2O3-x||Ni2P two-electrode electrolyzer.

摘要：过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))作为环境、化工和能源领域中重要的化工原料,被广泛应用于高级氧化过程、有机化学合成及能源转化技术中。相比于传统的蒽醌法,基于氧气电还原合成H_(2)O_(2)技术(ORR)提供了一种经济、高效、无害的替代工艺,具备低碳生产及储能潜力。为进一步提高反应选择性及能量转化效率,开发具有高活性、高选择性和长效稳定性的电催化剂是调控反应决速步骤的中间体吸脱附行为,改善反应物种高效界面能质传递的关键,从而进一步提高ORR合成H_(2)O_(2)的催化活性及能量转化效率。基于此,本文系统性地综述了近年来通过ORR合成H_(2)O_(2)体系中高性能电催化剂的通用设计策略,从电子结构调控、几何结构调控、表面功能化修饰及原子级活性位点设计等4个方面对先进电催化剂的合成策略及调控机制进行了总结与梳理。最后,本文围绕ORR电催化剂的设计方向及应用前景提出了相应的展望与建议。

摘要：为改进冻结壁厚度的设计方法,基于室内深厚表土静止土压力的实验成果和400 m深以内统计资料的分析,总结归纳出深厚表土冻结壁厚度与静止土压力的相应关系,提出一种新的冻结壁厚度设计方法.结果表明:已有成功的冻结壁厚度统计经验设计在400 m以内是可靠的,但超过400 m以后不加条件的推演将增加风险性,一个简便的方法是适当增大其安全系数.冻结壁厚度与深厚表土静止土压力系数有较大相关性,呈良好双曲线关系,作为深厚表土冻结壁厚度设计的一种统计意义的校核方法是可行的.

摘要：The polarization switching plays a crucial role in controlling the final products in the catalytic *** effect of polarization orientation on nitrogen reduction was investigated by anchoring transition metal atoms to form active centers on ferroelectric material In_(2)Se_(3).During the polariza-tion switching process,the difference in surface electrostatic potential leads to a redistribution of electronic *** affects the interaction strength between the adsorbed small molecules and the catalyst substrate,thereby altering the reaction *** addition,the surface states must be considered to prevent the adsorption of other small molecules(such as *O,*OH,and *H).Further-more,the V@↓-In_(2)Se_(3) possesses excellent catalytic properties,high electrochemical and thermody-namic stability,which facilitates the catalytic *** learning also helps us further ex-plore the underlying *** systematic investigation provides novel insights into the design and application of two-dimensional switchable ferroelectric catalysts for various chemical processes.

摘要：采用ProCAST软件对熔模铸造汽车转向臂的浇注系统进行设计,并对其浇注过程进行模拟仿真。通过仿真结果分析,对浇注方案进行了优化,优化后的浇注系统充分考虑到了熔体的补缩。然后采用ANSYS软件对铸造成形的转向臂铸件进行有限元分析。ANSYS分析结果表明,转向臂可以满足车辆性能要求。

摘要：以齿轮啮合接触分析为研究对象,提出了一种既能减振降噪又能使齿面载荷均匀分布的多目标优化设计方法。通过传输误差幅值的对比实验与理论计算,验证了载荷齿面接触分析模型的正确性。在此基础上,给出了齿面载荷分布的计算方法,并进一步提出了齿面载荷均匀分布的判断方法。以扭转方向相对速度最小和齿面载荷均匀分布为优化目标,构造多目标优化函数,得到最优修形参数。在此基础上给出了实例来说明所提出的方法,结果表明优化后沿扭转方向相对速度和左右齿面载荷差得到了大幅降低,验证了优化后的修形效果。

摘要：针对三七挖掘过程中挖掘铲所受阻力过大的问题,对传统的平面三七挖掘铲进行了优化。首先,对三七土壤参数进行了试验测定,并通过离散元仿真得到了土壤的堆积角,经试验验证所选土壤参数的准确性;其次,采用离散元软件EDEM建立了挖掘铲的仿真模型,计算了其在挖掘过程中所受到的阻力,通过与平面铲对比验证了该结构可以降低挖掘铲在行驶过程中所受到的阻力;再次,以行进过程中所受阻力为指标对挖掘铲进行优化,分析挖掘铲的铲面弧度、铲尖角度、铲的间距和入土角度等参数对挖掘阻力的影响,结果表明:铲面弧度为116°、铲尖角度为120°、铲的间距为86 mm、入土角度为12°时,挖掘阻力最小,相较于传统挖掘铲阻力降低了23.6%;最后,对优化后的挖掘铲进行了试验验证,结果表明:平均误差为2.78%,在5%以内,满足设计需求。研究结果可为块茎类农作物挖掘铲的设计提供参考。

摘要：苯酚作为一种重要的有机化学品,广泛用于制造树脂、合成橡胶、染料和药品等行业.然而,传统的苯酚生产方法——联苯法存在着许多问题,如反应条件苛刻和产物纯度低等,这些问题严重制约了苯酚的工业化生产应用.因此,开发一种高效、绿色的苯酚制备方法十分必要.目前,苯一步法制苯酚反应备受关注,然而,实现该反应难度很大.首先,苯分子的C(sp2)-H键活化在化学反应中比较稳定,难以高效活化.其次,相比惰性反应物苯,产物苯酚分子本身更易氧化,使反应的选择性调控成为挑战.光催化选择性氧化苯制苯酚具有反应条件温和、选择性高和产物纯度高等优点,是一种很有工业应用前景的苯酚制备方法.本文系统总结了近年来多相光催化氧化苯制苯酚的研究进展,包括从光催化剂设计原则、改性策略、反应机理分析、影响反应动力学的因素、反应器设计和光催化剂失活机制等方面.首先,单原子、层状双氢氧化物和金属簇构成的光催化剂具有高效催化作用和良好的反应选择性.其次,在光催化反应过程中,光催化剂的设计和合成是非常关键的,可以通过调节光催化剂的组成和结构来提高反应效率和选择性.此外,基于原位表征和密度泛函理论计算的机理研究也为光催化反应的优化提供了重要的理论基础.此外,介绍了光催化反应器的设计原理和操作要点,以及光催化剂失活的原因和解决方案.在未来的研究中,可以考虑更多的应用新材料和新技术来设计和制备高效催化剂.还可以利用先进的表征和理论计算方法更深入地研究光催化反应的机理,并探索更多的反应条件和催化剂组合,以提高光催化反应的效率和选择性.在实际应用中,光催化反应器的设计和操作也需要进一步完善,以确保光催化反应的稳定性和可控性.随着对光催化反应机理和催化剂设计的深入理解,相信未来光催化苯制苯酚技术会有更多的突破和进展.综上,本文为光催化选择性氧化苯成为苯酚的研究提供了参考,也为光催化反应的设计、优化和应用提供了一定的思路.