摘要：Over the past few years, three photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants, two of which led to observable in creases in photos yn thesis and biomass yield. However, most of the experiments were carried out using Arabidopsis under controlled environmental conditions, and the increases were only observed under low-light and short-day conditions. In this study, we designed a new photorespiratory bypass (called GOC bypass), characterized by no reducing equivalents being produced during a complete oxidation of glycolate into CO2 catalyzed by three rice-self-originating enzymes, i.e., glycolate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, and catalase. We successfully established this bypass in rice chloroplasts using a multi-gene assembly and transformation system. Transgenic rice plants carrying GOC bypass (GOC plants) showed significant increases in photosynthesis efficiency, biomass yield, and nitrogen content, as well as several other CO2-enriched phe no types under both greenhouse and field conditions .Grain yield of GOC plants varied depending on seeding season and was increased significantly in the spring. We further demonstrated that GOC plants had significant advantages under high-light conditions and that the improvements in GOC plants resulted primarily from a photosynthetic CO2-concentrating effect rather than from improved energy balance. Taken together, our results reveal that engineering a newly designed chloroplastic photorespiratory bypass could increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rice plants grown in field conditions, particularly under high light.

摘要：分析比较超空泡外形计算的不同经验公式,结果表明Guzevsky模型具有较好的精度与适用范围。建立了以减小阻力、增大空化数、增加舱内容积为优化目标的超空泡航行体锥形空化器设计模型,以权重因子法和遗传算法求解了优化问题,验证性计算结果与已有文献吻合。研究了空化数、航行体长径比等因素对超空泡航行体空化器设计的影响规律,结果表明空化数是影响航行阻力的首要因素,空化数决定了超空泡长径比并使之与航行体外形匹配,通过优化设计能够在不增加阻力的情况下有效提升航行体舱内容积。

摘要：对高强轻质材料绿色智能成形技术的研究成果和现状进行综述,重点介绍了近年来高强轻质材料绿色智能成形技术在冷冲压工艺智能设计、热冲压组织性能智能定制、冲压智能系统与装备三方面的重要研究进展。对高强轻质材料复杂构件绿色智能冲压成形技术在高强钢冷冲压工艺设计系统中的应用,铝合金冷冲压成形后的精度控制,高强钢热冲压的性能定制以及铝合金热冲压性能调控方面进行了探讨和展望,旨在为高强轻质材料绿色智能成形技术的发展提供借鉴。

摘要：The development of a high-performing pseudocapacitor requires a comprehensive understanding of electrode materials from the aspects of electron transfer and electrolyte ion adsorption and ***,these factors are considered over the prototype TiO_(2),and a high pseudocapacitance is achieved via the introduction of various defects,i.e.,oxygen defect(V_(O))and co-doped defect(V_(O)+N_(O)).The study is based on joint explorations of first-principle calculations and the transfer matrix *** to pristine TiO_(2)(300 F g^(-1)),defective TiO_(2) produces pseudocapacitance as high as 1700 F g^(-1).Moreover,defects induce small barriers for electron transmission caused by surface band *** climbing image nudged elastic band diffusion of H ions displays a much higher barrier in TiO_(2)-V_(O) than in TiO_(2)-V_(O)+N_(O).Such a result indicates easy H diffusion in the co-doped *** work provides insights into the adsorption and diffusion of electrolyte ions and the influence of defects on electron *** results are also significant for the design and optimization of electrode materials for the next generation of supercapacitors.

摘要：在分析铝型材挤压模具的结构、原理及设计参数的基础上,以UG NX5为开发平台,以Visual Studio 2005为编程开发环境,开发出挤压模具CAD/CAE设计系统,包括三维数字化设计、有限元分析、疲劳寿命仿真等模块,实现了对铝型材挤压模具的CAD/CAE智能设计系统集成.软件运行情况稳定、良好,为挤压模具的智能化设计提供了理论依据.

摘要：为提供产品功能原理层的变形设计方法,结合产品基因相关概念与物理学中物理信息的表达与推理过程,提出物理单位描述的产品基因表达方法,推导了基于物理推理的产品技术系统构建过程,形成了基于产品基因与物理表达的变型设计模型。最后,借助电加热水设备的变型设计,得到新产品家用中药熬制器的设计过程,验证了所提方法的实用性与可行性。

摘要：为减小径向间隙对高负荷压气机气动性能的负面影响,从工程实用角度出发,研究了压气机运转周期内转子叶尖间隙变化规律,对不同间隙对压气机性能的影响进行了对比分析,综合考虑气动性能和结构工程设计,对转子叶尖间隙进行了优化设计。基于可调静叶实际具体结构,研究了可调静叶圆台不同位置处间隙在不同转速下的变化规律,采用全三维数值模拟对不同静叶间隙气动性能进行了对比分析,并开展方案优化设计。将径向间隙优化设计方法应用于高负荷压气机设计中,试验验证表明:该压气机相对于第四代发动机的压气机平均级压比提高了16%,效率提高了1%,三维特性预估准确,验证了压气机转、静子叶片间隙优化设计的合理性和有效性。

摘要：设计了一种新型功率电传作动系统——电机-泵复合控制作动系统。论述了其设计思想和工作原理,建立了各个子系统的动态方程和整个系统的模型,并对模型加以合理的简化,对线性系统,运用二次型理论对系统加以优化设计,对非线性系统,采用了传统的 PID 控制。用 MATLAB仿真,结果表明所设计的复合控制作动系统的方案可行性,控制策略具有良好的动态性能,对下一代作战飞机机载作动系统的研制具有实际指导意义。

摘要：在分析同步电动机交交变频调速系统运行的基础上,提出了把同步电动机的d、q 轴各变量分解为低频分量(含非周期分量)和高频分量分别加以处理,忽略转子回路对高频分量的电阻以及阻尼绕组对低频分量作用的分析方法。进而建立了适合于稳态和似稳态分析的同步电动机等效电路模型;应用该模型,文中提出了设计调速系统电流控制器的新方法。运行试验及仿真结果表明所建立的等效电路模型是正确的,所提出的调节器设计方法是有效的。

摘要：阐述了旅游工艺品设计与构成艺术的关系,介绍了构成艺术的形式美法则,诠释了构成艺术的形式美在旅游工艺品设计中的应用。旅游工艺品设计需要创新,在立足本土文化特色和工艺技术的基础上,运用构成艺术的形式美要素,表现造型、色彩、材料、质感等多种元素,进而加快提升地方旅游业的特色旅游工艺品形象。