摘要：This paper presents and verifies a new idea for constructing an ultrasonic motor （USM）. The stator contains several vibrators fabricated by bonding piezoelectric ceramics （PZTs） to a metal base. When two alternating current （AC） voltages with a 90° phase difference are applied to the PZTs, longitudinal and bending modes are excited in the vibrator. The bending vibrations of the vibrators are stacked to form the torsional vibration of the stator, ultimately generating longitudinal-torsional composite vibration. Both vibrators and the stator are excited to the resonance state. A standing wave is formed by superposition of longitudinal and torsional modes. The proposed motor is an in-plane vibration motor because the vibrations of the stator are in the circumferential plane. The finite element method （FEM） is used to validate the feasibility of the proposed motor. The fabricated stator contains five vibrators. The tested resonance frequencies of longitudinal and torsional modes are 44.42 kHz and 43.83 kHz, respectively. The stall torque is 0.3 N＇m and no-load speed is 45 r/min. The highest efficiency is 30%. The applied driving voltage is 100 Vo.p （peak voltage） at 43.9 kHz. The designed motor is a parallel-actuated integral motor. It allows the vibrators to operate synchronously, and overcomes asynchronous issues that occur in traditional multi-vibrator motors.

摘要：科学正在进入一个新时代——第五范式——它被认为是知识整合到不同领域的主要特征,是基于无所不在的机器学习系统的计算社区中智能驱动的工作。在此,我们通过在天河一号超级计算机系统上构建的催化材料专门设计的典型平台案例,生动地阐明了第五范式的本质,旨在促进第五范式在其他领域的培养。第五范式平台主要包括模型自动构建(原始数据提取)、指纹自动构建(神经网络特征选择)以及跨学科知识串联的重复迭代(“火山图”)。与分解一起进行的是对迭代中实现的体系结构的性能评估。通过讨论,第五范式的智能驱动平台可以极大地简化和改进研究中极其繁琐和具有挑战性的工作,并通过补偿机器学习中缺少样本和替代一些由于计算资源不足而导致的数值计算来实现数值计算与机器学习之间的相互反馈,从而加速探索过程。在数据驱动的学科中,跨学科专家的协同作用和对动态数据需求的急剧增长仍然是一个挑战。我们相信,对第五范式平台的一瞥可以为其在其他领域的应用铺平道路。

摘要：Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)have attracted a great deal of interest because they have the highest efficiency without using any noble metal as catalysts among all the fuel cell ***,traditional SOFCs suffer from having a higher volume,current leakage,complex connections,and difficulty in gas *** solve these problems,Rolls-Royce has fabricated a simple design by stacking cells in series on an insulating porous support,resulting in the tubular segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cells(SIS-SOFCs),which achieved higher output *** work systematically reviews recent advances in the structures,preparation methods,perform-ances,and stability of tubular SIS-SOFCs in experimental and numerical ***,the challenges and future development of tubular SIS-SOFCs are also *** findings of this work can help guide the direction and inspire innovation of future development in this field.

摘要：为解决传统变磁通永磁电机在基速以上运行可靠性差和调磁困难的问题,提出一种附加机械调磁装置的新型轴向变磁通永磁同步电机。采用有限元法对电机运行于不同转速时的磁场分布进行分析,建立轴向变磁通永磁同步电机三维有限元仿真模型,获得了电机在不同转速下气隙磁密、绕组磁链及空载反电势、电感等电磁特性。分析结果表明:在基速以下时,机械调磁装置不动作,该电机能以大转矩运行;在基速以上时,机械装置相应动作,电机可在宽范围恒功率运行,调磁效果较好。通过制作样机和构建电机系统试验平台,验证了理论分析和设计的有效性。

摘要：Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge *** this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is *** reliability of the numerical model is verified by ***,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on *** results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

摘要：本研究以“质量源于设计”(quality by design,QbD)理念为核心,优化氧化苦参碱-黄芪甲苷共载脂质体(oxymatrine-astragaloside IV liposomes,Om-As-Lip)的处方工艺并对其进行放大验证。采用乙醇注入联合pH梯度法制备Om-As-Lip,通过双重风险评估工具、Plackett-Burman设计和Box-Behnken响应面实验对其关键物料属性进行优化,建立设计空间;进一步考察Om-As-Lip的放大工艺,采用单因素试验优化高压匀质的关键工艺参数,并对其终产品进行质量评价。研究结果发现,黄芪甲苷药脂比、胆脂比和混合磷脂比例(氢化大豆卵磷脂∶大豆卵磷脂)是影响Om-As-Lip质量的关键材料属性,Box-Behnken设计建立的回归模型具有良好的预测性,并确定Om-As-Lip的最佳处方为:黄芪甲苷药脂比为1∶40,胆脂比为1∶10,氢化大豆卵磷脂∶大豆卵磷脂为51∶9。设计空间内的胆脂比可控制在1∶12~1∶5,氢化大豆卵磷脂∶大豆卵磷脂比例可控制在1∶7~17∶3。Om-As-Lip高压匀质的最佳压力为600 bar,循环次数为6次,温度为4℃。基于QbD理念制备的Om-As-Lip质量评价符合预期,建立的处方工艺稳定可行,有望为其今后的开发应用奠定实验基础。

摘要：设计一种钙固化碱焙烧−水浸出联合工艺处置二次铝渣,研究CaO用量、NaOH用量、焙烧温度和时间对铝溶出和氟固化行为的影响。在最佳实验条件(焙烧温度1000℃、Al与NaOH摩尔比1꞉0.6、F与CaO摩尔比1꞉2.5、焙烧时间2.0 h)下,氟和铝被分离,其中氟固化率为99.98%,铝溶出率为52.97%。水浸液经蒸发结晶,可得到符合中国工业标准的NaAlO_(2)产品;水浸渣可作为速凝水泥原料。总体而言,此研究为处置二次铝渣提供了一个有效、环保的解决方案。

摘要：本文通过落叶松迹地不同树种更新生长情况对比 ,阐述了落叶松伐后不宜继续更新落叶松 ,而应更新刺槐的观点 ,为今后落叶松迹地更新开创了一条新路。

摘要：电容去离子技术近年来被认为是一种新兴的海水淡化技术,尤其在苦咸水范围内具有经济节能的特点。然而,目前关于除氯电极的研究较少,同时缓慢的除盐动力学也制约了除氯电极的发展。本工作通过在表面酸处理后的柔性炭布(ACC)上原位生长层状氢氧化物NiCoAl-LDHs纳米片阵列并进行Ar等离子体处理,制备了具有扩大层间距的Ar-NiCoAl-LDHs@ACC材料。炭布基底抑制了NiCoAl-LDHs纳米片的团聚并提高了电导率,Ar等离子体处理则进一步扩大了NiCoAl-LDHs层间距并改善了亲水性,提供了快速的氯离子扩散通道,并释放了更多的层间活性位点,实现了高除盐动力学。将Ar-NiCoAl-LDHs@ACC作为除氯电极与活性炭组装了混合式电容去离子器件。在1000 mg L^(-1)NaCl溶液及1.2 V工作电压下,除盐容量可达到93.26 mg g^(-1),除盐速率可达到0.27 mg g^(-1)s^(-1),电荷效率高达0.97。在300 mg L^(-1)NaCl溶液及0.8 V工作电压下,经100次循环后容量保持率仍在85%以上。本工作的制备策略为大层间距二维金属氢氧化物材料的可控制备和高性能电化学除氯电极的设计构建提供了新思路。

摘要：为探明不同技术指标对钢混组合梁UHPC桥面板性能的影响,完善超高性能混凝土预混料(PF-UHPC)的制备技术工艺,制造出性能稳定、满足施工要求的钢混组合梁UHPC桥面板,通过试验对比分析了不同工艺技术指标对PF-UHPC工作性能及力学性能的影响。确定最佳工艺技术指标,形成一套关于PF-UHPC预制和现浇钢混组合梁桥面板施工的关键技术。结果表明:PF-UHPC基准配合比的强度、工作性能均满足要求,且增加减水剂掺量0.3%能显著改善材料工作性能而不影响力学性能;采用大搅拌机搅拌时长为8 min时,混合料各项性能最佳;材料凝结时间受室内外环境因素影响大;钢纤维的投料先后对材料工作性能和力学性能影响较小,但后加钢纤维的混合料其钢纤维均匀性偏差较大;试件抗折强度受钢纤维取向影响,而钢纤维取向主要取决于布料方向,布料方向与UHPC流动方向的角度越大,试验板的抗折强度越低;振捣频率对UHPC抗折强度影响较大,对抗压强度和钢纤维含量偏差影响较小,80 Hz振捣频率最有利;UHPC湿养护后水化热温度基本在40~50℃,内部初始温度随板厚增加升高,蒸养过程中UHPC板中心升温较外部慢,内外温差较大;蒸养棚内恒温温度宜控制在90℃以上,且应适当延长自然降温时间,25 cm厚板底部在70℃以上恒温30 h,其强度满足设计要求。