摘要：Infectious diseases caused by bacteria are a global threat to the human health. Here, we propose a solvent “irrigation” technique to endow TiO_(2) nanotubes (NTs) to precisely modify with functional nanomaterials, and apply them in constructing a near-infrared (NIR) light controlled drug-delivery system for rapid necrosis of bacteria. In this design, the NIR stimuli-responsive functional shell is located on the external tube wall of TiO_(2) NT;the internal tube wall offers sufficient binding sites for drug loading. Using kanamycin as a model drug, we demonstrate that the reactive oxygen species generated in photocatalysis not only controllably release the loaded drug by scissoring the linked chains, but also effectively compromise bacteria membrane integrity by damaging the cell wall. Benefiting from the damages, antibiotics rapidly enter the bacteria and reach ≥99.9% reduction in Escherichia coli colony within only 2 h. Importantly, such a covalently conjugation-based delivery system can efficiently relieve radical-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity. This study provides an innovative design strategy for engineering delivery systems with tailorable components, enduring stimuli-response by multiple triggers.

摘要：Touch-sensitive screens are crucial components of wearable *** such as reduced graphene oxide(rGO),carbon nanotubes(CNTs),and graphene offer promising solutions for flexible touch-sensitive ***,when stacked with flexible substrates to form multilayered capacitive touching sensors,these materials often suffer from substrate delamination in response to deformation;this is due to the materials having different Young’s modulus *** results in failure to offer accurate touch screen *** this work,we demonstrate an induced charge-based mutual capacitive touching sensor capable of high-precision touch *** is enabled by electron trapping and polarization effects related to mixed-coordinated bonding between copper nanoparticles and vertically grown graphene ***,we used an electron cyclotron resonance system to directly fabricate graphene-metal nanofilms(GMNFs)using carbon and copper,which are firmly adhered to flexible *** being subjected to 3000 bending actions,we observed almost no change in touch *** screen interaction system,which has a signal-to-noise ratio of 41.16 dB and resolution of 650 dpi,was tested using a handwritten Chinese character recognition trial and achieved an accuracy of 94.82%.Taken together,these results show the promise of touch-sensitive screens that use directly fabricated GMNFs for wearable devices.

摘要：Polarimetry plays an important role in the measurement of solar magnetic fields. We devel- oped a high-sensitivity and high-accuracy polarimeter （HHP） based on nematic liquid crystal variable retarders （LCVRs）, which has a compact setup and no mechanical moving parts. The system design and calibration methods are discussed in detail. The azimuth error of the transmission axis of the polarizer as well as the fast axes of the two LCVRs and the quarter-wave plate were determined using dedicated procedures. Linearly and circularly polarized light were employed to evaluate the performance of the HHP. The experimental results indicate that a polarimetric sensitivity of better than 5.7 × 10-3 can be achieved by using a single short-exposure image, while an accuracy on the order of 10-5 can be reached by using a large number of short-exposure images. This makes the HHP a high-performance system that can be used with a ground-based solar telescope for high-precision solar magnetic field investigations.

摘要：A high-contrast coronagraph for direct imaging of an Earth-like exoplanet at the visible band needs a contrast of 10^-10 at a small angular separation of 4λ/D or less. Here we report our recent laboratory experiment that approaches these lim- its. Our test of a high-contrast imaging coronagraph is based on our step-transmission apodized filter. To achieve this goal, we use a liquid crystal array as a phase correc- tor to create a dark hole based on our dedicated algorithm. We have suppressed the diffraction and speckle noise near the point image of a star to a level of 1.68 × 10^-9 at 4λ/D, which can be used for direct imaging of Jupiter-like exoplanets. This demon- strates that a telescope incorporating a high-contrast coronagraph in space has the potential to detect and characterize Earth-like planets.

摘要：三维动态高分子结构可在外界刺激下发生可逆的形状改变,但仅采用通常的平面高分子材料,其形成的三维动态结构形成后难以更改,损坏后不易修复,低温下无法使用.最近,将碳纳米管与液晶型类玻璃高分子结合,制备了新型的纳米复合材料薄膜,通过光照对平面材料进行加工,不仅可实现三维动态结构的灵活设计和简易制备,而且结构可多次改变和修复,在低至零下130℃的条件下仍可以使用.

摘要：微量液体的精确操控在生物医药、液体传输等领域具有广泛的应用价值.目前,基于光诱导的毛细作用力操控液体的方法引起了人们极大的兴趣,因为这类方法在操控过程中无需特殊的光学装置和复杂的微组装过程.但是目前报道的方法只适用于少数特定的液体,并且驱动距离短、运动速度慢、局限于直线运动.最近,俞燕蕾等设计了一种新型结构的侧链液晶高分子材料,以此制备了液晶高分子微管执行器,可以通过不对称光致形变诱导毛细作用力,实现了光控各种类型液体按照设计的速度和方向运动,有望在可控微流体传输、微反应系统、微机械系统、芯片实验室等领域展现出巨大的应用价值.

摘要：超分子聚合物普遍存在于自然界,尤其是生物体中,如细胞骨架的重要组成部分微管和蛋白质细丝等1–3。生物分子从溶液状态到超分子聚合物的结构转变,不仅发挥着生物体的某些特定功能,也与一些疾病的发生密切相关4。因此对超分子聚合物形成机制的研究,不仅有助于加深对生物体结构与功能的认知,促进相关疾病新型治疗策略的开发,也为复杂仿生体系的设计和构建提供了新思路。

摘要：聚合物太阳能电池(polymer solar cell,简称PSC)是重要的光电转换器件.近年来,基于非富勒烯型电子受体的聚合物太阳能电池(NF-PSC)发展迅速.迄今为止,单结NF-PSC的光伏效率已经达到13%以上,超过了传统的富勒烯型聚合物太阳能电池.相比于单结NF-PSC,叠层NF-PSC有助于克服外量子效率受限和热损耗偏高的问题.然而,叠层NF-PSC的构筑,对于材料的设计要求更高,器件制备的难度也更大,因而发展相对缓慢.最近,侯剑辉等对叠层NF-PSC中的前、后子电池之间的光谱匹配性进行了优化调制,选用窄带隙的PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F作为后电池,宽带隙的J52-2F:IT-M作为前电池,来构建叠层NF-PSC,将光伏效率进一步提升到了14.9%,目前为该领域的最高值.本文将简要介绍NF-PSC的发展概况,评述这一突出的研究成果,总结中国学术界在NF-PSC领域做出的卓越贡献,并展望该领域的广阔前景.

摘要：材料是人类赖以生存与发展的物质基础,代表了一个时代科学技术成果的最前沿.近年来飞速发展的合成生物学,通过改进现有系统或构建全新的生物体系,极大地促进了对生物本身的了解,拓宽了生命科学的应用范围.将构建的生物体系进一步结合材料科学中的设计工具及方法,便诞生了活体功能材料这一概念及领域.与传统材料不同,活体功能材料以活体细胞为结构单体组装材料,活体细胞本身成为材料的工程化设计工具以及技术设想和实现途径的基本单元.将编程后的工程活细胞组装、裁剪成具有生物系统特性的活体功能材料,将活体细胞的自我修复能力等特性融入材料,进一步拓展了原有材料的性能.本文将着重介绍活体功能材料的产生、发展及近年来取得的相关成果,在此基础上对活体功能材料未来的发展进行展望.

摘要：Ⅳ族稀磁半导体因其优异的磁电性能,以及在与当前主流半导体集成技术兼容的自旋电子器件中具有广阔的应用前景而受到越来越多的关注.事实上,具有室温铁磁性的Ⅳ族稀磁半导体及其衍生器件更有望在实际中得以应用.本工作设计并制备了基于p型(Fe,Al)共掺杂SiGe薄膜和n型Ge衬底的磁性pn二极管.磁性测量以及磁阻和反常霍尔效应测试揭示了p型(Fe,Al)共掺杂SiGe薄膜的室温铁磁性.有趣的是,磁性pn异质结表现出磁场可调的整流和磁阻行为.我们的研究结果为制备具有室温铁磁性的Ⅳ族稀磁半导体提供了一种可选策略,并为Ⅳ族稀磁半导体的实际自旋电子应用提供了范例.