摘要：Obtaining a detailed understanding of the surface modification of supports is crucial;however,it is a challenging task for the development and large-scale fabrication of supported electrocatalysts that can be used as alternatives to Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).In this study,commercial silicon carbide(SiC)was modified through surface oxidization(O-SiC)to support the use of Pd nanoparticles(Pd NPs)as electrocatalysts for *** obtained Pd/O-SiC catalysts exhibited better ORR activity,stronger durability,and higher resistance to methanol poisoning than that exhibited by commercial Pt/*** role of the support in enhancing the ORR performance,especially the oxidization of SiC surfaces,was discussed in detail based on the experimental characterizations and density functional theory *** underlying mechanism of the superior ORR performance of Pd/O-SiC catalysts was attributed to the charge transfer from SiC_(x)O_(y)to Pd NPs on the surfaces of SiC and the strong metal–support interactions(SMSIs)between Pd and SiC_(x)O_(y).The charge transfer enhanced the ORR activity by inducing electron-rich Pd,increased the adsorption of the key intermediate OOH,and decreased the Gibbs free energy of the critical ORR ***,SMSIs enhanced the ORR stability of the Pd/O-SiC *** study provided a facile route for designing and developing highly active Pd-based ORR electrocatalysts.

摘要：Electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis under mild conditions is an attractive and challenging process in the earth’s nitrogen cycle,which requires efficient and stable catalysts to reduce the *** N2 activation and reduction overpotential of different Ti3C2O2-supported transition metal(TM)(Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mo,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Cd,and Au)single-atom catalysts have been analyzed in terms of the Gibbs free energies calculated using the density functional theory(DFT).The end-on N2 adsorption was more energetically favorable,and the negative free energies represented good N2 activation performance,especially in the presence Fe/Ti3C2O2(﹣0.75 eV).The overpotentials of Fe/Ti3C2O2,Co/Ti3C2O2,Ru/Ti3C2O2,and Rh/Ti3C2O2 were 0.92,0.89,1.16,and 0.84 eV,*** potential required for ammonia synthesis was different for different TMs and ranged from 0.68 to 2.33 *** possible potential-limiting steps may be involved in the process:(i)hydrogenation of N2 to*NNH and(ii)hydrogenation of*NH2 to *** catalysts can change the reaction pathway and avoid the traditional N–N bond-breaking *** also simplifies the understanding of the relationship between the Gibbs free energy and overpotential,which is a significant factor in the rational designing and large-scale screening of catalysts for the electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.

摘要：The nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)using new and efficient electrocatalysts is a promising al‐ternative to the traditional Haber‐Bosch ***,it remains a challenge to design efficient catalysts with improved catalytic ***,various O‐functional MXenes were investigated as NRR catalysts by a combination of density functional theory calculations and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)***_(3)C_(2)O_(X) has been regarded as a promising catalyst for the NRR because of its stability,activity,and *** poten‐tial‐determining step is*NH_(2) hydrogenation to*NH3 with a limiting potential of-0.45 ***‐more,via LASSO regression,the descriptors and equations fitting the relationship between the properties of O‐functional MXenes and NRR activity have been *** work not only pro‐vides a rational design strategy for catalysts but also provides machine learning data for further investigation.

摘要：随着节能环保理念在船舶与海工领域的发展,以及新能源在船舶上的广泛应用,直流配电系统以其高效、节能、兼容性好等优点,备受船东青睐,但由于直流断路器容量有限、价格昂贵,构造与交流断路器不同,造成直流配电系统的短路保护设计与交流系统截然不同。基于采用直流配电系统的风电安装平台短路保护设计的成功案例,分析直流断路器的构造,阐述船舶直流配电系统短路保护设计的方法以及注意要点,研究成果可为直流配电系统在船舶上的应用提供参考。

摘要：家庭养老作为中国最古老、最基本、最人性化的的养老方式,其赖以存在的思想基础就是传统孝文化。但随着现代家庭结构的变化、人口老龄化的加剧等,我国传统的家庭养老尤其是城市家庭养老面临着严峻的挑战,城市家庭养老的困境主要表现在精神慰藉、生活照料以及经济供养方面,而消解这一困境,以养老、尊老、敬老作为其基本含义的传统孝文化无疑具有重要的启示,可以为当前城市家庭养老提供可选择的思想资源。

摘要：在审美与文化日趋多元化的今天,人们对民族化、本土化的设计理念日益重视,传统符号的优点也更加充分的显露,并在现代商业空间设计中得到广泛的运用。怎样将现代元素与传统符号结合,形成独特的商业空间环境风格,积极创造既能够刺激消费、促进经济发展也要同时注重文化传承的商业空间环境。

摘要：智慧教育是一种基于新兴信息技术的教育模式,它将互联网、大数据、人工智能等技术应用于教学中,旨在实现教育的个性化、智能化和互动化。随着技术的不断发展,智慧教育正逐渐成为高等教育领域改革的重要方向。智慧教学快速发展主要体现在智慧教育理论内涵的丰富、智慧教学平台与关键技术的创新、智慧教学主体的变革、智慧教学模式的设计和多维评价体系的构建。为顺应时代的发展,智慧教学产生线上智慧教学模式和混合教学模式(轻型智慧教学、深度智慧教学),混合教学模式结合线上和线下教学的优势,更好地实现教学的互动性和实效性。从多角度阐述智慧教育内涵、智慧教学平台,以及智慧教学要素的发展,设计出适应高等教育教学实情的教学模式和评价体系,为积极推进高等教育改革、打造新型智慧教学整体提供建议。

摘要：受梅洛·庞蒂的"知觉在先"、"空间身体"、"动态身体"以及"身心合一"的身体哲学思想的影响,现代体验设计呈现出感官性、情境性、交互性以及情感性特征。现代设计由以"物"为核心开始转向以"人"为核心,关注人身体的体验设计将成为未来社会设计的发展趋势。

摘要：较为全面地探讨了现代书籍设计的审美特征。“整体美”是其重要特征，运用“和谐统一”的原则，赋予图书整体美感和意味；独特性是个人风格与时代感的结合，民族性与时代感在设计中缺一不可；工艺之美讲究“艺术和技术的统一”，利用新技术、新工艺不断创造新的设计语言；同时还要注意材料的表现张力。文章认为，美是发展的，设计也应不断创造和发展，要及时反映时代特点，给生活以不断更新的审美创意。

摘要：文章通过对食品包装设计异化现象的剖析,警示人们在从事食品包装设计的过程中,应及时而客观地预测设计可能的后果,并提醒企业、设计师与消费者积极采取有效措施,减少和降低食品包装设计异化的出现及其影响,设计出立足于人、服务于人的优良食品包装。