摘要：Colloidal crystals are periodically ordered arrays of monodisperse colloidal particles which represent a new class of self-assembled materials showing potential applications in many ***-dimensional graphic nanostructures based on colloidal crystals have inherent periodicity from tens of nanometers to several micrometers,which gives them rich and interesting optical *** article presents a comprehensive review about the current research activities on the self-assembly of colloidal spheres which is an effective strategy for fabrication of various hierarchical and ordered nanostructures,with particular attention paid to the unique properties and applications of the colloidal crystal-based *** main aspects are elaborated:a)controllable self-assembly of colloidal crystals;b)the functions of the obtained colloidal spheres acting as the patterned mask for successive construction of numerous nanostructures;c)the novel properties and promising optical applications of the patterned nanostructures in various domains,such as plasmonic-related fields,antireflection,photonic crystals,photocatalysis and electronic *** that,the current challenges and future perspectives in this area are *** review aims to inspire more ingenious designs and exciting research for manufacturing nanostructures utilizing colloidal self-assembly.

摘要：大量研究表明,晶界和界面可以作为吸收缺陷(如空位、间隙原子)的"陷阱",因此含有大量晶界、界面的纳米晶、金属和氮化物纳米多层膜,具备良好的自愈合抗辐照能力,从而成为近年来的研究热点。综述了抗辐照纳米多层膜的研究进展,内容包括:材料的设计与制备,各种辐照模拟手段(如中子辐照、离子辐照和多束离子辐照)。重点介绍了离子束辐照模拟反应堆辐照,多层膜在离子束辐照下的行为(如微观结构和机械性能的演变)及纳米多层膜抗辐照机理。通过对CrN/AlTiN多层膜的离子辐照,验证了纳米多层膜中界面对缺陷的吸收作用。对纳米多层膜未来研究方向做了展望。