摘要：Microneedles(MNs)are an innovative and viable option for drug delivery that offer the distinct advantages of minimal invasiveness,painlessness,stable drug loading,efficient drug permeation,and *** were first used to penetrate the skin surface and facilitate transcutaneous drug delivery with great *** applications of MNs have extended to non-transdermal drug delivery,specifically,to various tissues and *** review captures the fabrication methods for MNs,discusses advanced design strategies for achieving controlled drug release,and summarizes current MN applications in delivering multiple therapeutic agents to the cardiovascular,digestive(e.g.,oral cavity),reproductive,and central nervous *** findings in this review would contribute toward the improved designs of MN systems that can be modified according to purpose,including material selection,structural design,choice of fabrication methods,and tissue considerations,to determine the optimal therapeutic regimen for the target treatment area.

摘要：【目的】明晰地下储气库的热力学过程是压缩空气储能(compressed air energy storage,CAES)电站安全设计与运行调度的重要基础。【方法】现有地下储气库热力学模型在计算热量交换时,存在高压储气阶段热损失偏大和低压储气库阶段补热过多的不足。本文在全面分析地下储气库热力学模型理论基础合理性的前提下,先分析储气库热量计算偏差的形成根源;再提出改进模型。【结果】研究结果表明:现有的热力学计算解析模型忽略了CAES地下储气库在运行过程中温度分布的不均匀性,这种温度分布的不均匀导致储气室洞壁与压缩空气之间的对流换热模型失真,导致温度计算结果偏差大。考虑混合对流换热的改进模型二可以较好地解决储气阶段温度计算结果与真实结果之间偏差过大的问题。算例分析证明了改进模型二的合理性。【结论】本文的改进模型二可为CAES地下储气库容积优化设计与效率分析提供计算依据。