摘要：Near infrared(NIR) absorbing and emitting dyes are sought after for their potentials in bioimaging and theranostic applications. They are typically not as stable as dyes absorbing and emitting in the visible spectral range, as the result of a reduced HOMO-LUMO band-gap. Also, they are not as efficient fluorescence emitters due to accelerated internal conversion kinetics. In addition, their large conjugative backbone render them high tendency to form aggregate and low aqueous solubility. In this tutorial, we have described a four-step approach for rational design of organic dyes with an overall high-performance to meet the rigorous requirements of biological applications. Also, some background regarding "NIR" is provided along with some recent breakthroughs of the field.

摘要：生成式AI在2023年呈现井喷式发展态势,而在2024年,其发展的最显著特征则在于实现了跨领域的广泛应用。商业AI工具的高质量与便捷性,结合开源AI模型在各类复杂工作流程中的深度整合,使AI技术从专业人员的研究对象转变为各行各业不可或缺的日常工具。另一个显著特征是国产AI模型的崛起。

摘要：针对三维流动效应下非轴对称自然层流(NLF)短舱设计困难的问题,发展了一种基于机器学习技术的压力分布反设计方法。短舱参数化建模使用自由曲面变形技术(FFD),通过求解RANS方程和基于SST(Shear Stress Transport)湍流模型的■转捩模型实现自然转捩预测,利用生成拓扑映射(GTM)模型建立短舱外形及其压力分布数据集与低维隐空间变量的映射关系,全局优化算法在隐空间高效寻优,获得与目标压力分布匹配的短舱气动外形,实现自然层流短舱的反设计。GTM模型建立了数据集在高低维度间的高精度映射关系,优化设计过程中无需反复调用CFD求解器,设计效率大幅提升。利用该方法对通气短舱进行三维优化设计,设计所得非轴对称短舱外表面的自然层流区最大长度达当地弦长的40.5%,比优化前延长了12.2%,验证了该方法在考虑三维流动效应下NLF短舱的优化设计能力。

摘要：对乡村聚落形态的研究有助于我国新农村建设和城镇化发展。文章利用CiteSpace软件对CSSCI数据库中1998—2019年的597篇相关文献进行定量分析,绘制出研究的关键词、发文作者、发文机构、发文期刊的知识图谱,在此基础上总结乡村聚落形态研究的发展历程、研究重点、研究主体构成。结果显示:(1)城镇化和乡村振兴是目前乡村聚落形态研究的社会背景,聚落形态研究已经在地理、规划、建筑和历史等学科细分成不同的研究领域,研究内容包括乡村聚落宏观分布、聚落形态构成、空间演变、地域文化、史前和历史聚落形态。(2)发文量总体上随着时间逐渐增加,可以大致分为三个阶段,2003年之前发文量相对较少,以史前聚落形态研究为主;2004—2013年发文量经历了一定的反复,对传统聚落分布格局研究日益增多;2013年至今发文量持续保持高增长的态势,研究领域发生细化,量化研究方式增加。(3)对乡村聚落形态进行研究的学科主要有地理资源类、历史考古类和规划建筑类三种。发文机构之间的合作集中在地理资源类科研机构,跨学科机构合作极少。(4)发文作者合作关系呈现整体分散、局部集中的特征,大规模学术团队较少,小规模团队和独立作者较多。未来相关研究可从以下几个方面深入:(1)借鉴国内外相关学科经验,进一步梳理完善乡村聚落形态的研究体系;(2)深入交叉学科理论的应用;(3)强化定量研究;(4)从传统聚落形态布局中吸取针对防疫及其他社会突发事件的宝贵经验,应用到规划、设计、建设工作中。

摘要：For accurate prediction of via yield, via chains are usually fabricated on test chips to investigate issues about vias. To minimize the randomness of experiments and make the testing results more convincing, the confidence level and estimation precision of the via failure rate are investigated in this paper. Based on the Poisson yield model, the method of determining an adequate number of total vias is obtained using the law of large numbers and the de Moivre-Laplace theorem. Moreover, for a specific confidence level and estimation precision, the method of determining a suitable via chain length is proposed. For area minimization, an optimal combination of total vias and via chain length is further determined. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the method is in good accordance with theoretical analyses. Results of via failure rates measured on test chips also reveal that via chains designed using the proposed method has a better performance. In addition, the proposed methodology can be extended to investigate statistical significance for other failure modes.

摘要：Due to the importance of metal layers in the product yield,serpentine test structures are usually fabricated on test chips to extract parameters for yield *** this paper,the confidence level and estimation precision of the average defect density on metal layers are investigated to minimize the randomness of experimental results and make the measured parameters more *** the basis of the Poisson yield model,the method to determine the total area of all serpentine test structures is obtained using the law of large numbers and the Lindeberg-Levy ***,the method to determine an adequate area of each serpentine test structure is proposed under a specific requirement of confidence level and estimation *** results of Monte Carlo simulation show that the proposed method is consistent with theoretical *** is also revealed by wafer experimental results that the method of designing serpentine test structure proposed in this paper has better performance.

摘要：以湖南冷水江市综合档案馆为例,尝试探索在县级市地区设计档案存放功能的公共建筑的合理方法。该馆创造性采用了功能"复合化"与形式空间"异化"的理念,复合化表现在传统档案保存功能与市民公共查阅功能的叠加体验,异化则包含环境关系地景化、虚实有致的形体构成和空间开放的公共平台三个方面。复合与异化的理念重点应对的设计命题是:档案馆这类具有明确既定功能的建筑如何满足市民对其公共属性的需求。

摘要：This paper presents an up-to-date study on the observer-based control problem for nonlinear systems in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and actuator *** introducing a dynamic signal to dominate the unmodeled dynamics and using an adaptive nonlinear damping to counter the effects of the nonlinearities and dead-zone input,the proposed observer and controller can ensure that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable in the sense of uniform ultimate *** one adaptive parameter is needed no matter how many unknown parameters there *** system investigated is more general and there is no need to solve Linear matrix inequality （LMI）.Moreover,with our method,some assumptions imposed on nonlinear terms and dead-zone input are ***,simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control scheme.

摘要：根据不同种类线虫编码半胱氨酸蛋白酶的保守序列及植物寄生性线虫的半胱氨酸蛋白酶氨基酸密码子的偏好设计简并引物,通过RACE技术,首次从相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)中克隆得到一个编码S型半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因的cDNA全长,命名为Rs-CPS(GenBank登录号EU659125)。Rs-CPS基因全长为1112bp,编码314个氨基酸,分子量为34.69ku。分析结果显示:Rs-CPS氨基酸序列具有半胱氨酸蛋白酶家族典型的Cys-His-Asn三联体酶催化活性中心,而且N端有1个17个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽。

摘要：城市人行桥梁的景观设计以桥梁主要特征和景观的基本原则为设计基础,确定景观规划的创意方向,完成艺术造型设计、材料和色彩设计、夜景照明设计三方面内容。以台湾捷运人行桥和浙江湖州百叶龙腾人行桥为例,介绍城市人行桥景观设计理念的实现。台湾捷运人行桥全长110m,平均宽度为3.2m,桥梁造型艺术现代,色彩运用大胆独特,细节设计环保周到,具有良好的交通功能和出众的艺术表现。浙江湖州百叶龙腾人行桥全长86m,为非对称上承式钢箱无铰拱桥,桥梁结构新颖美观,夜景灵动雅致,协调地融合于环境中,并提升地块的景观效果。