摘要：共价有机框架材料(covalent organic frameworks,COFs)是有机构筑基元通过共价键连接而成的晶态多孔高分子材料,因其高比表面积、低密度、高度有序的周期性结构和易于功能化等特点,在气体吸附和存储、光电器件、催化、储能和传感等领域都展现出了广阔的应用前景.COFs的出现和发展使得人们在一定程度上实现了对二维聚合物和三维聚合物的二级结构和三级结构的精准调控.本文从结构设计和功能设计两方面出发介绍COFs的基本设计理念,总结了COFs粉体、单分子层COFs和COFs膜3种形态COFs材料制备合成方法,最后对COFs材料未来发展方向进行了展望.

摘要：针对我国不敏感弹药研发中存在的问题,从不敏感弹药的概念、不敏感弹药的核心和本质、不敏感弹药的评估以及评估方法学等4个方面,分析和总结了应建立的正确认识,提出了建议。指出未来发展应注重以下4方面:(1)做好不敏感弹药方面的基础研究;(2)加强建模和仿真,逐步实现数字化设计和虚拟试验;(3)建立我国自己的评估标准体系;(4)加强顶层设计,打破专业隔阂,系统推进不敏感弹药的研发和应用。

摘要：近似模型方法在工程优化设计中开始得到重视。本文分别应用Kriging方法和响应面方法进行了翼型气动优化设计。结果表明,Kriging方法的设计结果,升阻比较参考翼型提高了81%;在初始设计空间,响应面方法的结果很差,通过不断缩减设计空间,设计得到了有效的改善,升阻比提高了70%,但需要的计算量远远高于Kriging模型。

摘要：Understanding the temperature-dependent hardness of covalent materials is of fundamental scientific interest and crucial technical *** we propose a temperature-dependent hardness formula for zinc-blende structured covalent materials based on the dislocation *** results indicate that at low temperatures,the Vickers hardness is primarily modulated by Poisson’s ratio and the shear modulus,with the latter playing a dominant *** an increase in temperature,the governing mechanism for the plastic deformation switches from shuffle-set dislocation control to glide-set dislocation control,and the hardness decreases precipitously at elevated ***,the intrinsic parameter a3G is revealed for zinc-blende structured covalent materials,which represents the resistance of a material to softening at high *** temperaturedependent hardness model agrees remarkably well with the experimental data of zinc-blende structured covalent *** work not only sheds light on the physical origin of hardness,but also provides a practical guide for the design of superhard materials.

摘要：With the utilization of computer technology and network technology in building network teaching system approaching perfection, PBL teaching model is gradually applied to network teaching. On the basis of PBL teaching theory, this paper proposes a network teaching system based on PBL via network teaching model, using C/S structure and Java language to develop the prototype model and adding multi-agent application level to C/S structure in system designing in order to meet the requirements of the utilization of PBL method in network teaching. This new system successfully implements the innovative application of a problem-based network teaching.

摘要：为模拟火箭靶弹平飞和俯冲类目标的运动特性,设计了火箭靶弹总体方案,建立了火箭靶弹总体设计数学模型,进行了火箭靶弹参数优化设计.基于大射程火箭弹,通过调整原型火箭弹气动外形和结构组成,加装鸭式控制舵面,进行俯仰角程序控制,在被动飞行段实现有攻角飞行,可延长滞空时间,实现准平飞弹道.简易控制火箭靶弹具有高供靶精度、低成本和低风险等显著特点.

摘要：为了配合在PC机上运行的软PLC编辑开发系统,使PC机完成相应的控制功能,研究和设计了软PLC运行系统．论文简述了软PLC的体系结构及运行系统的功能,详细介绍了软PLC运行系统的硬件结构和开发过程,给出了硬件系统的PCB电路板图．在设计过程中对整个电路采取了电磁兼容性处理,减小了信号间及外部干扰源的干扰．实验表明,设计的下位机能很好地实现通信与控制功能．

摘要：基于麦克斯韦方程组在不同坐标系下具有形式不变性以及变换光学理论,通过设计材料的本构参数(介电常数和磁导率)来引导电磁波的传播,提出了具有电磁透明和电磁聚集两种功能的新型电磁器件—椭圆形透明聚集器的设计方法.电磁波透明体不会阻挡电磁波的传播并且能够与斗篷内部进行交互;电磁波聚集器是当电磁波入射到该装置上时,电磁波能够被设计的装置按照要求集中到一个区域或者一个点,实现电磁波能量的集中.本文利用压缩变换和扩展变换推导出了这种电磁器件中各层的相对介电常数和相对磁导率的张量表达式,并利用基于有限元算法的电磁仿真软件对该电磁器件进行了全波仿真验证,得到了入射波从各个不同方向入射时磁场z分量的分布图,仿真结果证实了该设计方法和电磁参数的正确性.最后还讨论了电磁器件存在损耗时的情况,当损耗逐渐增大时,器件的功能在一定程度上受到了削弱.本文的设计方法为其他新型电磁器件的设计提供了一种新的思路.

摘要：众包以公开悬赏的形式,将任务发包给不特定的网络问题解决者群体,参与者完成后提交方案竞标,发包方从中择优而奖。众包模式搭建了企业知识需求和社会闲置知识资源供给的桥梁,是内包和外包之外的第三种新型问题解决模式,已被广泛应用于新产品研发、广告创意、程序设计和市场推广等诸多领域。如何吸引问题解决者的参与是众包应用管理的核心问题,以社会学习理论为基础,采用负二项回归模型,对16万余众包实际项目的二手数据进行研究,结果发现:奖金数量与参与者规模呈"倒U型"的非线性关系;合理利用分配方式有助于进一步提升奖金影响效果;高奖金与多奖项组合、低奖金与赢者通吃搭配效果更佳。这一研究有助于社会知识资源的开发利用,对企业众包奖金策略的制定具有参考和借鉴意义。

摘要：The formation kinetics and mechanism of tricalcium aluminate hydrate and calcium oxalate in dilute sodium aluminate solution and sodium oxalate solution were studied respectively based on the lime causticization, and the optimal conditions for removing the oxalate in dilute sodium aluminate solution as well as the mechanism were finally *** formation processes of tricalcium aluminate hydrate and calcium oxalate are mainly controlled by the chemical reaction and the inner diffusion respectively,and the corresponding reaction rate equations as well as the apparent activation energy were calculated. The hydrocalumite with a spatially interleaved structure will form in dilute sodium aluminate solution with sodium oxalate, greatly removing the oxalate impurity by absorption. Calcium oxalate can be converted to tricalcium aluminate hydrate with the increasing reaction time. The oxalate causticization efficiency and the alumina loss rate can be over 90% and below 31% respectively when reacted at 50℃ with a stirring rate of 200 r/min.