摘要：Graphene-based three-dimensional （3D） macroscopic materials have recently attracted increasing interest by virtue of their exciting potential in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here we report a facile one-step strategy to prepare mechanically strong and electrically conductive graphene/Ni（OH）2 composite hydrogels with an interconnected porous network. The composite hydrogels were directly used as 3D supercapacitor electrode materials without adding any other binder or conductive additives. An optimized composite hydrogel containing -82 wt.% Ni（OH）2 exhibited a specific capacitance of -1,247 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and -785 F/g at 40 mV/s （-63% capacitance retention） with excellent cycling stability. The capacity of the 3D hydrogels greatly surpasses that of a physical mixture of graphene sheets and Ni（OH）2 nanoplates （-309 F/g at 40 mV/s）. The same strategy was also applied to fabricate graphene-carbon nanotube/Ni（OH）2 ternary composite hydrogels with further improved specific capacitances （-1,352 F/g at 5 mV/s） and rate capability （-66% capacitance retention at 40 mV/s）. Both composite hydrogels obtained here can deliver high energy densities （-43 and -47 Wh/kg, respectively） and power densities （-8 and -9 kW/kg, respectively）, making them attractive electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. This study opens a new pathway to the design and fabrication of functional 3D graphene composite materials, and can significantly impact broad areas including energy storage and beyond.

摘要：The design of electrocatalysts with enhanced adsorption and activation of nitrogen(N2)is critical for boosting the electrochemical N2reduction(ENR).Herein,we developed an efficient strategy to facilitate N2 adsorption and activation for N2 electroreduction into ammonia(NH3)by vacancy engineering of core@shell structured Au@Sn O2 nanoparticles(NPs).We found that the ultrathin amorphous SnO2 shell with enriched oxygen vacancies was conducive to adsorb N2as well as promoted the N2 activation,meanwhile the metallic Au core ensured the good electrical conductivity for accelerating electrons transport during the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction,synergistically boosting the N2 electroreduction *** confirmed by the15N-labeling and controlled experiments,the core@shell Au@amorphous SnO2 NPs with abundant oxygen vacancies show the best performance for N2 electroreduction with the NH3 yield rate of 21.9 lg h-1mg-1catand faradaic efficiency of 15.2%at-10.2 VRHE,which surpass the Au@crystalline SnO2 NPs,individual Au NPs and all reported Au-based catalysts for ENR.

摘要：The development of highly potential electrocatalysts for acidic water electrolysis is particularly desirable for many energy‐related ***,we demonstrated a versatile strategy to activate and stabilize RuO_(2)‐based electrocatalyst for acidic water splitting by a trace of Pt,where Pt plays an essential role in promoting oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and can simultaneously act as the active site for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Compared with pure Ru oxide nanosheet assemblies(Ru ONAs),the“5%Pt‐containing”Ru ONAs(5%Pt‐Ru ONAs)achieve much enhanced OER activity in 0.5 and 0.05 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4),with much lower overpotentials of 227 and 234 mV at 10 mA cm^(‒2),*** and theoretical analyses reveal that the atomically dispersed Pt incorporating into RuO_(2)lattice is conducive to increasing the concentration of O vacancies,which effectively enhances the interaction with reaction intermediate and thus lowers the energy barrier for the formation of OOH*.Moreover,benefited from the presence of Pt,the formation of RuO_(2)is more achievable when proper annealing is *** addition to OER,due to the presence of active Pt,the HER performance of 5%Pt‐Ru ONAs can also be ensured,thereby realizing efficient acidic overall water ***,the excellent activity can also be achieved without sacrificing *** work highlights an attractive strategy for designing active and stable RuO_(2)‐based electrocatalysts for acidic overall water splitting.

摘要：作为未来最有潜力的制氢技术之一,电解水为解决环境污染和能源危机等问题提供了一种有效的解决途径。然而,阳极析氧反应缓慢的动力学和较高的过电位使其成为电解水装置效率提升的主要瓶颈。因此,开发高活性和高稳定性的析氧反应催化剂对于电解水技术的发展具有重要意义。近年来,镍基金属有机框架材料因其具有丰富可调的拓扑结构、较大的比表面积以及多孔特性,在催化领域受到了越来越多的关注。本文综述了镍基金属有机框架及其衍生材料在析氧催化研究中的最新进展。首先简要介绍了镍基材料在析氧反应中的原理及评价析氧催化剂活性的一些重要参数,并列举了几种镍基金属有机框架材料的结构及其在催化中的优势。随后,结合近年来发表的文献,对单金属、双金属和三金属镍基金属有机框架材料及其衍生物在析氧催化中的研究进展进行了总结与讨论,重点分析了该类材料的设计策略和催化机理。最后对该领域目前所面临的主要挑战以及未来的发展趋势进行了总结与展望。

摘要：Two-dimensional(2D)mesoporous metal-oxide(hydroxide)nanomaterials with defects are promising towards the realization of efficient ***,we report a facile and effective one-pot solvothermal route to synthesize mesoporous Mo_(x)-Co-O hybrid nanosheets(NSs)which is composed of crystalline Mo_(4)O_(11) and amorphous cobalt *** to the corrosion of 1-octylamine at high temperatures,abundant mesoporous holes are created in situ over the Mo_(x)-Co-O hybrid NSs during the solvothermal process,which is beneficial to increasing the electrochemical surface *** dimension of the Mox-Co-O NSs,size of mesoporous and the concentration of defects can be easily modulated by controlling the molar ratio of Mo/*** measurements reveal that the 2D mesoporous Mo_(x)-Co-O NSs show an excellent activity for the oxygen evolution reaction with the highest catalytic activity of η_(10)=276 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)in 1 mol L^(−1)*** adsorption of intermediates and abundant oxygen vacancies achieved by appropriate Mo doping are the two main factors that contribute to the excellent catalytic activity of Mo_(0.2)-Co-O *** work,with the construction of 2D metal-oxide(hydroxide)crystallineamorphous nanomaterials possessing abundant holes,oxygen vacancies and enhanced adsorption of intermediates,provides important insight on the design of more efficient catalysts.

摘要：High-entropy alloys(HEAs)have been widely studied due to their unconventional compositions and unique physicochemical properties for various ***,for the first time,we propose a surface strain strategy to tune the electrocatalytic activity of HEAs for methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).High-resolution aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)and elemental mapping demonstrate both uniform atomic dispersion and the formation of a face-centered cubic(FCC)crystalline structure in Pt Fe Co Ni Cu *** HEAs obtained by heat treatment at 700℃(HEA-700)exhibit 0.94%compressive strain compared with that obtained at 400℃(HEA-400).As expected,the specific activity and mass activity of HEA-700 is higher than that of HEA-400 and most of the state-of-the-art *** enhanced MOR activity can be attributed to a shorter Pt–Pt bond distance in HEA-700 resulting from compressive *** nonprecious metal atoms in the core could generate compressive strain and down shift d-band centers via electron transfer to surface Pt *** work presents a new perspective for the design of high-performance HEAs electrocatalysts.

摘要：模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的电容电压低频纹波问题限制了其在直驱永磁风力发电等低频工作场合的应用。针对此问题,提出一种基于改进MMC的中压风电系统拓扑结构及其控制方法,与传统的基于"高频共模电压+高频电流注入"的低频纹波抑制方案相比,所提方案不会带来共模电压影响问题。首先阐述系统的总体结构特点以及专用高频能量通道在系统中的作用及其设计原则,然后深入分析通过高频电流抑制MMC电容电压低频纹波的工作机理,接着介绍系统的控制方案及详细控制方法,最后在Matlab/Simulink平台上建立5MW/10k V中压风力发电系统进行仿真研究,并搭建2k W实验平台进行实验验证。仿真和实验结果证明了所提方案的正确性和有效性。

摘要：由于电厂竞价系统需要基于重用来灵活地应对竞价规则的频繁变更,提出采用基于Web服务的业务流程执行语言(BPEL)和面向服务架构(SOA),建立电厂竞价系统。设计了系统的架构层次和部署结构,描述了基于BPEL的系统流程管理框架。最后,应用Active VOS Desinger对电厂参与日前市场竞价的流程建模,部署到BPEL Server中,快速实现了面向竞价流程的组合服务编制和发布。

摘要：根据物联网在电网中的应用趋势,定义了输变电设备物联网并设计其体系架构。面向信息索引需求,借鉴产品电子代码(EPC)的编码结构、思想,结合现有的设备编码规范,提出了设备标识码的编制原则和设计方案。进一步分析了编码方案量化、标识码识别应用等问题,并采用功能模块化思想,设计了编码标识系统和编码系统,详细阐述了2个系统的结构和功能。最后研究了设备标识码与现有电力设备编码之间的关系。

摘要：纤维增强复合材料以耐高温、高比强度等优点在航空航天领域得到广泛应用,为有效提高多孔复合材料沉积过程的可控性与均匀性,该研究提出一种基于双温区双通道结构的双工艺化学气相渗透/沉积(chemical vapor infiltration/deposition,CVI/CVD)系统。基于装备设计建造理论制备优化的一体化研究思路,对该系统制备碳纤维增强碳基复合材料(C/C复合材料)进行工艺设计与优化研究。通过建立流动、传热和物质传递反应模型,分析了温度、速度、浓度对致密化过程的影响,其中降低沉积温度能够提高厚度方向的沉积均匀性,通过改变空间温度梯度能够实现沉积位置的控制,初始速度、浓度的匹配能够提高致密化效率。利用双工艺CVI/CVD系统对多孔复合材料进行两步法沉积模拟,验证了C/C复合材料沉积样件均匀性控制与工艺优化的可行性。