摘要：利用"设计限制酶辅助突变"(Designed Restriction Enzyme Assisted Mutagenesis,DREAM)进行全长质粒快速定点突变。根据突变位点附近氨基酸靶序列,以简并密码子进行逆向推导,这样在不改变氨基酸序列的前提下可以得到数目巨大的隐性突变体(Silent mutants),这些突变体中包含大量的限制性酶切位点,选择合适的酶切位点设计引物,用Phusion超保真DNA聚合酶扩增全长质粒的DNA序列,得到的PCR产物用T4多聚核苷酸激酶添加5′磷酸基团后进行平末端连接,转化大肠杆菌受体菌后用设计的酶切位点进行快速筛选。本研究用该方法成功地纠正了长约8 kb的质粒pcDNA3.1-pIgR中的突变碱基,从而获得了多聚免疫球蛋白受体(pIgR)的野生型氨基酸序列。以上结果表明:利用DREAM技术将限制性酶切位点引入目的基因而不改变目的蛋白质的氨基酸序列,使突变体的筛选简单化;配合使用高保真和高效率的Phusion DNA聚合酶可以进行长达8 kb的全长质粒的快速突变;该方法无需使用定点突变试剂盒和特殊的受体菌,同时避免了核酸杂交以及同位素的使用。

摘要：In solid basic catalysis field,how to achieve optimized activity and desired stability through elaborate control over basic site properties remains a *** this work,taking advantage of the structure memory effect of layered double hydroxides(LDHs),rehydrated Ca4 Al1-x Gax-LDHs and Ca4 Al1-x Inx-LDHs catalysts were prepared and applied in aldol condensation reaction that isobutyraldehyde(IBD)reacts with formaldehyde(FA)to obtain hydroxypivalaldehyde(HPA).Notably,the resulting re-Ca4 Al0.90Ga0.10-LDHs exhibits an extraordinarily-high catalytic activity(HPA yield:72%),which is to our best knowledge the highest level in this *** weak Br?nsted basic site,7-coordinated Ca-OH group,which serves as an active site,catalyzes the condensation process and promotes the product *** on structure-property correlations demonstrate that Ga as a structural promoter induces a moderate expansion of the laminate lattice,which results in a significant increase in the concentration of weak basic sites in re-Ca4Al0.90Ga0.10-LDHs,accounting for its high catalytic *** work illuminates that geometric structure of basic active sites can be tuned via introducing catalyst additive,which leads to a largely improved performance of hydrotalcite solid basic catalysts towards aldol condensation reaction.

摘要：纯有机长余辉材料具有分子结构/功能可调、易加工、不含重金属元素、生物相容性好、可大面积应用以及柔性等优点,在数据加密、生物成像、安全打印等领域得到了广泛的应用,是目前有机光电子学研究的热点之一.基于给体-受体构建的激基复合物长余辉材料具有发光持续时间长、制备简便以及性能可调等优点,成为设计、开发有机长余辉材料的新选择,近年来受到了人们的广泛关注.本文系统地综述了给-受体激基复合物长余辉材料的基本设计理念,并依据受体材料的不同,详细总结了各类高效、稳定的激基复合物长余辉材料体系,探讨了给体和受体分子间的相互作用对其发光持续时间的影响及其结构与性能的关系,总结了激基复合物有机长余辉材料存在的问题,并对其未来发展所面临的挑战和机遇进行了展望.

摘要：结合手持技术,设计了一项创新型化学综合实验:丹磺酰吗啉的制备及溶剂极性的测定。首先,对现有制备方法进行改进,设计了以丹酰氯和吗啉为原料,在无缚酸剂、无溶剂条件下,经磺酰化反应制备丹磺酰吗啉的实验。其次,利用丹磺酰吗啉的溶致变色性质,通过智能手机对其溶液拍照、荧光色彩识别及数字化,设计了溶剂极性测定实验。本实验综合了有机合成、溶致变色染料的分子设计、溶剂极性概念及其测定等相关理论知识和实验操作,有助于学生理解有机化合物的结构、功能及性质之间的逻辑关系,培养学生科学探究能力和创新精神,可为大学本科教师提供一个简单易行的化学综合实验教学案例。

摘要：如果说海玉是自然艺术,那么为海玉作赋的人,是将自己心里的溢美之辞充盈笔尖,作为语言的重要补充形式,丰富着海玉的灵魂。正因为有这些为海玉赋文说辞、深挖海玉文化、寄望海玉更高发展的人来加持,才大大拓宽了观者欣赏的思路,也让海玉更加具有生命力和意识形态。高建林,先识其文,后识其人。

摘要：我国治水实践中已形成“四横三纵”天然水系与人工调水耦合互联的主骨架和大动脉,水网工程转入高质量发展阶段。在此背景和《国家水网建设规划纲要》框架下,考虑现阶段水网工程发展状况及其基本构成,提出了水网工程应立足于综合立体调控的建设定位,深入剖析了其高质量发展进程中蕴含的多重特性,并分析了现阶段水网工程规划设计和建设运行中存在的问题。针对“系统完备、安全可靠,集约高效、绿色智能,循环通畅、调控有序”的建设目标,进一步提出水网工程高质量发展思路,即尊重自然、师法自然,多效融合、重在能力,系统谋划、多级协同,先建机制、后建工程,前瞻部署、梯次推进,永续利用,自流当先。

摘要：Energy harvesting from sun and outer space using thermoradiative devices(TRDs),despite being promising renewable energy sources,is limited only to daytime and nighttime period,*** a system with 24-hour continuous electric power generation remains an open question thus ***,a TRD-based power generator that harvests solar energy via concentrated solar irradiation during daytime and via thermal infrared emission towards the outer space at nighttime is proposed,thus achieving the much sought-after 24-hour electrical power ***,a rigorous thermodynamical model is developed to investigate the all-day performance characteristics,parametric optimum design,and the role of various energy loss *** calculated results predict that the daytime TRD-based system yields a peak efficiency of 12.6%under 10 suns,thus sig-nificantly outperforming the state-of-art record-setting solar thermoelectric *** work reveals the potential of TRD towards 24-hour electricity generation and future renewable energy technology.

摘要：磁外科(磁外科学)作为一门新兴的技术型学科,以其广泛的应用前景得到了全世界众多研究者的关注.磁外科技术按照其应用方式和原理的不同分为以下5大类:磁压榨技术、磁导航技术、磁锚定技术、磁悬浮技术以及磁示踪技术.其中,磁压榨技术利用磁力的特殊性质来完成临床上某些特定的操作,如脏器的连接再通、组织的压榨闭合、管腔内容物的限流等.磁吻合技术作为磁压榨技术的重要分支,其本质是利用磁力代替缝线和钛钉的牵拉力来完成组织管腔吻合或再通的技术.目前,磁吻合在临床中主要应用于以下3个领域:消化道管腔吻合、消化道闭塞/狭窄的再通以及血管吻合.磁力消化道管腔可应用于不同消化道管腔之间的吻合,将消化道管腔吻合由传统的"贯穿式"吻合转变成"非贯穿"吻合,极大地简化了操作,降低了术后并发症.针对消化道管腔闭塞/狭窄疾病,磁吻合技术为此类疾病提供了一种新的治疗策略,无需通过开腹或者开胸便可完成管腔的再通,极大地减轻了病人的创伤以及手术相关并发症的发生,甚至可以为某些传统方法无法治疗的疾病提供解决方案.除此之外,磁吻合技术还可应用于血管的端-端、端-侧以及侧-侧吻合,吻合过程操作简便,可在极短的时间内完成器官血流的重建,缩短了靶器官的缺血或瘀血时间,使得术后并发症显著减少,该技术已在冠脉搭桥、门腔分流以及器官移植等手术中成功应用.磁性装置的表面改性处理以及外形设计是磁吻合技术在临床应用的两大关键问题.磁性装置的表面改性方案主要取决于其在生物体内停留的时间,而磁性装置的外形设计主要取决于拟吻合管腔局部的解剖因素和磁体导入途径以及吻合所需要的磁力大小.鉴于磁吻合技术在管腔吻合以及管腔闭塞疏通中的巨大应用潜质,未来磁吻合技术将在为其他腔道(输尿管、尿道等)吻合或疏通方面提供新的治疗策略.

摘要：The demand for advanced fiber biomaterials and medical devices has risen rapidly with the increasing of aging population in the world. To address this grand societal challenge, textile biomedical engineering(TBE) has been defined as a holistic and integrative approach of designing and engineering advanced fiber materials for fabricating textile structures and devices to achieve various functions such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and artificial implants, pressure therapy and thermal therapy,bioelectric/magnetic detection and stimulation for the medical treatment and rehabilitation of human body. TBE is multidisciplinary in nature and needs integration of cross disciplinary expertise in medical science, healthcare professionals, physiologists, scientists and engineers in chemistry, materials, mechanics, electronics, computing, textile and designers. Engineering fiber materials and designing textile devices for biomedical applications involve the integration of the fundamental research in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computational science with the development of engineering principles and understanding on the relationship between textile materials/devices and human physiology, behaviour, medicine and health. Theoretical concepts have been advanced together with creating new knowledges created from molecules to cells, organs and body-textile systems, and developing advanced fiber materials, innovative textile devices and functional apparel products for healthcare,comfort, protection against harmful external environment, diseases prevention, diagnosis and treatment, as well as rehabilitations. A holistic, integrative and quantitative approach has been adopted for deriving the technical solutions of how to engineer fibers and textiles for the benefits of human health. This paper reviews the theoretical foundations for textile biomedical engineering and advances in the recent years.

摘要：目的分析抗血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)的疗效及光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCTA)结果。方法选取2018年4月—2021年4月在河北医科大学第一医院接受治疗的DME患者80例(130眼)。将患者分为A组和B组,每组40例(分别为70眼、80眼)。A组给予曲安奈德治疗,B组给予康柏西普治疗。记录两组治疗前、治疗后1个月及治疗后3个月的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和眼内液白细胞介素6(IL-6)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平,并采用OCTA检查治疗前、治疗后1个月及治疗后3个月黄斑中心凹旁厚度(PMT)、黄斑中心厚度(FMT)、中心视网膜厚度(CRT)及中心凹无血管区面积(FAZ)。结果两组治疗前、治疗后1个月、治疗后3个月的BCVA比较,经重复测量设计的方差分析,结果显示:(1)不同时间点的BCVA有差异(P<0.05);(2)两组BCVA有差异(P<0.05),B组治疗后3个月BCVA值较A组低;(3)两组BCVA变化趋势有差异(P<0.05)。两组治疗前、治疗后1个月、治疗后3个月的PMT、FMT比较,经重复测量设计的方差分析,结果显示:(1)不同时间点的PMT、FMT有差异(P<0.05);(2)两组PMT、FMT有差异(P<0.05),A组治疗后较B组厚;(3)两组PMT、FMT变化趋势有差异(P<0.05)。两组治疗前、治疗后1个月、治疗后3个月的CRT、FAZ比较,经重复测量设计的方差分析,结果显示:(1)不同时间点的CRT、FAZ有差异(P<0.05);(2)两组CRT、FAZ有差异(P<0.05),A组治疗后较B组厚;(3)两组CRT、FAZ变化趋势有差异(P<0.05)。两组治疗前、治疗后1个月、治疗后3个月的眼内液IL-6、NOS比较,经重复测量设计的方差分析,结果显示:(1)不同时间点的眼内液IL-6、NOS有差异(P<0.05);(2)两组眼内液IL-6、NOS有差异(P<0.05);(3)两组眼内液IL-6、NOS变化趋势有差异(P<0.05)。结论抗VEGF治疗DME可有效改善视网膜渗漏及黄斑水肿,降低炎症水平,OCTA定量分析可提供可靠的检测结果。