摘要：In satellite laser communication technology, which is built between planets and between a planet and the Earth, the optical antenna is the key point. Thus, research on optical system design is important. The off-axis reflective system has no obscuration and hence possesses a high efficiency for energy transfer. This study proposes a novel method for designing a free-form off-axis reflective imaging system. This study also introduces differential equations that depend on Fermat＇s principle and sine condition. Finally, a free-form off-axis two-mirror optical system was designed by using the differential equation method. This system includes one intermediate image plane, in which the field of view （FOV） is -5° to -4° in the y-axis and -1° to 0° in the x-axis. The modulation transfer function was greater than 0.7 at 50 lp/mm, and the efficiency of energy transmission was high. The free-form off-axis two-mirror optical system involves a wide range of application prospects in the optical antenna used in the satellite laser communication systems. Moreover, the design method that used differ- ential equations was proven simple and effective.

摘要：Graphene-based three-dimensional （3D） macroscopic materials have recently attracted increasing interest by virtue of their exciting potential in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here we report a facile one-step strategy to prepare mechanically strong and electrically conductive graphene/Ni（OH）2 composite hydrogels with an interconnected porous network. The composite hydrogels were directly used as 3D supercapacitor electrode materials without adding any other binder or conductive additives. An optimized composite hydrogel containing -82 wt.% Ni（OH）2 exhibited a specific capacitance of -1,247 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and -785 F/g at 40 mV/s （-63% capacitance retention） with excellent cycling stability. The capacity of the 3D hydrogels greatly surpasses that of a physical mixture of graphene sheets and Ni（OH）2 nanoplates （-309 F/g at 40 mV/s）. The same strategy was also applied to fabricate graphene-carbon nanotube/Ni（OH）2 ternary composite hydrogels with further improved specific capacitances （-1,352 F/g at 5 mV/s） and rate capability （-66% capacitance retention at 40 mV/s）. Both composite hydrogels obtained here can deliver high energy densities （-43 and -47 Wh/kg, respectively） and power densities （-8 and -9 kW/kg, respectively）, making them attractive electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. This study opens a new pathway to the design and fabrication of functional 3D graphene composite materials, and can significantly impact broad areas including energy storage and beyond.

摘要：从自然界中的边缘效应切入 ,以广义生态学为指导 ,针对城市建设中被忽略却至关重要的生态问题指出 :异质地域间的边缘区因特殊的地缘条件与生态特性 ,潜藏源于生态关联的边缘效应。深入诠释了城市领域中边缘效应的概念及其对城市生态系统健康运行的要义 ,并将理念融入区域发展、城市土地资源优化利用与按内缘比需求划分地块等概念与方法 ,并运用于规划实践之中。

摘要：Electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis under mild conditions is an attractive and challenging process in the earth’s nitrogen cycle,which requires efficient and stable catalysts to reduce the *** N2 activation and reduction overpotential of different Ti3C2O2-supported transition metal(TM)(Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mo,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Cd,and Au)single-atom catalysts have been analyzed in terms of the Gibbs free energies calculated using the density functional theory(DFT).The end-on N2 adsorption was more energetically favorable,and the negative free energies represented good N2 activation performance,especially in the presence Fe/Ti3C2O2(﹣0.75 eV).The overpotentials of Fe/Ti3C2O2,Co/Ti3C2O2,Ru/Ti3C2O2,and Rh/Ti3C2O2 were 0.92,0.89,1.16,and 0.84 eV,*** potential required for ammonia synthesis was different for different TMs and ranged from 0.68 to 2.33 *** possible potential-limiting steps may be involved in the process:(i)hydrogenation of N2 to*NNH and(ii)hydrogenation of*NH2 to *** catalysts can change the reaction pathway and avoid the traditional N–N bond-breaking *** also simplifies the understanding of the relationship between the Gibbs free energy and overpotential,which is a significant factor in the rational designing and large-scale screening of catalysts for the electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.

摘要：低环境影响设计强调自然系统的整体性,是对新型城镇化发展要求的专业技术方法响应。通过相关文献研究,借鉴国外成熟实践经验,解析了低环境影响设计的内核——理解与保护自然过程,将人工建设融入自然系统,减少对环境的扰动并让自然做功,以此规避对环境的不必要负荷并获得自然的生态服务回报。详细阐释了低环境设计的相关理念与技术方法,总结提出关键设计环节需要全程介入自然过程,借助流域生态过程梳理、地形地貌保护利用、低影响建设维护措施构建,在土地利用布局、场地设计、建筑空间布局三大重点环节展开低影响设计回应。

摘要：随着城市化进程的不断推进,旧城改造已经成为我国目前城市建设的重要任务,如何有效地进行旧城更新改造,对我国城市发展战略具有重要的意义。文章从城市经济定量分析角度入手,提出了旧城改造开发容量的概念、模型,土地等级评价指标体系及计算土地等级评价因素权重的AHP模型;以旧城生态环境和社会环境为约束条件,以经济作为目标函数,提出了基于旧城生态环境容量和社会环境目标确定旧城开发容量的上限模型,及基于市场行为的经济目标确定旧城开发容量的下限模型,使旧城改造始终处于经济、社会、环境持续协调发展的有序控制之中;并以ARCGIS为平台,结合南阳市旧城改造规划设计研究,得出旧城改造开发强度专题数据地图,对在GIS平台下合理确定旧城改造的开发容量,进行了尝试性探索。

摘要：2007年12月26日下午3时32分．我们尊敬的父亲徐尚志带着深深的眷恋辞别了这个世界．也永远离开了我们。父亲这次住院整七个月．医院病房的窗户正好遥对他50年前设计．至今仍为成都市标志性建筑之一的锦江宾馆。每次扶他坐起，我们总能感觉到他向窗外寻觅的目光和深情的注视。他是多么热爱这片故土、多么难舍他终身从事的建筑师事业啊!

摘要：现阶段我国社会转型的本质就是社会经济和物质空间的秩序重构,转型时期公共空间的矛盾来源于社会,又反作用于社会。针对社会与空间之间这种循环往复、彼此影响的问题,提出了"社会——空间"互动的工作思路和"公共利益——公共政策——公共空间"逐层引导的策略路径,明确了修正公共空间建设的价值观、建立空间和社会良性互动的机制、把空间规划上升为公共政策的策略性主张,并提出对公共空间进行系统整合、内部完善、外部耦合的应对措施。

摘要：我国正处于由粗放的增量发展向精致的存量建设转变时期,面临大量的旧城更新规划与建设,需要对相关规划理念与方法进行探索。文章结合烟台市历史文化核心地段更新设计,通过引入边缘效应理念,创新发展模式,促进区域活力再生,实现历史街区保护与周边发展建设互利双赢,以期为同类街区的更新提供新的视角与方法。

摘要：The development of bifunctional catalysts for the efficient hydrogenation and acceptorless dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles is a *** this study,Ru_(2)P/AC effectively promoted reversible transformations between unsaturated and saturated N‐heterocycles affording yields of 98%and 99%,***,a remarkable enhancement in the reusability of Ru_(2)P/AC was observed compared with other Ru‐based *** to density functional theory calculations,the superior performance of Ru_(2)P/AC was ascribed to specific synergistic factors,namely geometric and electronic effects induced by P.P greatly reduced the large Ru‐Ru ensembles and finely modified the electronic structures,leading to a low reaction barrier and high desorption ability of the catalyst,further boosting the hydrogenation and acceptorless dehydrogenation processes.