摘要：Aircraft conceptual design optimizations that maximize the performance at a design condition （single-point） may result in designs with unsatisfying off-design performance. To further improve aircraft efficiency under actual flight operations, there is a need to consider multiple flight conditions （multipoint） in aircraft conceptual design and optimization. A new strategy for multipoint optimizations in aircraft conceptual design is proposed in this paper. A wide-body aircraft is taken as an example for both single-point and multipoint optimizations with the objective of maximizing the specific hourly productivity. Boeing 787-8 flight data was used in the multipoint opti- mization to reflect the true objective function. The results show that the optimal design from the multipoint optimization has a 7.72% total specific hourly productivity increase of entire flight missions compared with that of the baseline aircraft, while the increase in the total specific hourly productivity from the single-point optimal design is only 5.73%. The differences between the results of single-point and multipoint optimizations indicate that there is a good option to further improve aircraft efficiency by considering actual flight conditions in aircraft conceptual design and optimization.

摘要：The Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) is an unconventional configuration of aircraft and considered as a potential configuration for future commercial aircraft. One of the difficulties in conceptual design of a BWB aircraft is structural mass prediction due to its unique structural feature. This paper presents a structural mass prediction method for conceptual design of BWB aircraft using a structure analysis and optimization method combined with empirical calibrations. The total BWB structural mass is divided into the ideal load-carrying structural mass, non-ideal mass, and secondary structural mass. Structural finite element analysis and optimization are used to predict the ideal primary structural mass, while the non-ideal mass and secondary structural mass are estimated by empirical methods. A BWB commercial aircraft is used to demonstrate the procedure of the BWB structural mass prediction method. The predicted mass of structural components of the BWB aircraft is presented, and the ratios of the structural component mass to the Maximum TakeOff Mass(MTOM) are discussed. It is found that the ratio of the fuselage mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is much higher than that for a conventional commercial aircraft, and the ratio of the wing mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is slightly lower than that for a conventional aircraft.

摘要：基于分布式电动推进的短距起降飞机是一种新概念飞机,需要研究其总体参数的设计方法。以常规的涡桨飞机加装分布式电动螺旋桨的概念方案为示例,将这类飞机总体参数的设计问题提炼为一个优化设计问题;应用基于代理模型的优化方法,制定总体参数优化设计的流程。结果表明:该示例飞机总体参数优化后,能以最小的质量代价达到苛刻的短距起降要求(起飞滑跑距离小于100 m,着陆滑跑距离小于70 m);分布式螺旋桨安装在机翼下方且有一定的倾斜角,螺旋桨转速和直径适中;机翼面积有所增加,涡桨发动机的功率需求明显减小。

摘要：Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.

摘要：Shock control bumps are a promising technique in reducing wave drag of civil transport aircraft flying at transonic *** paper investigates the optimization of 3D shock control bumps on a supercritical wing with a sweep angle of 16°at the1/4 chord.A similar supercritical wing with a higher sweep angle of 24.5°at the 1/4 chord has been adopted as a baseline for the *** results show that the drag coefficient of the low sweep wing with the optimized 3D shock control bumps is reduced below that for the high sweep wing,indicating shock control bumps can be used as an effective means to reduce the wave drag caused by reducing the wing sweep *** the point of view of the wing structure design,lower sweep angle will also bring the benefits of weight reduction,resulting in further fuel reduction.

摘要：通过对飞机总体多学科设计优化(Multidisciplinary design optimization,MDO)研究进展的分析,为飞机总体MDO进一步研究和应用提供基础。首先阐述飞机总体MDO与传统飞机总体参数优化的区别,然后介绍MDO领域中重要成果,包括代理模型技术、多学科敏度分析、MDO策略和MDO环境。着重分析飞机总体MDO的关键技术及其实现途径,包括飞机总体MDO流程、参数化飞机几何模型、分析模型的自动生成、耦合关系分析与表示、数据交换与数据管理和MDO环境的建立。指出面向一体化产品开发团队的MDO、基于不确定性的MDO和面向飞机族的MDO是飞机总体MDO研究的3个新的研究方向。飞机总体MDO使飞机总体设计过程更加科学化和自动化。

摘要：以飞翼布局飞机总体设计为例,展示如何将多学科设计优化(MDO)方法有效地应用于非常规布局飞机总体设计。基于二级优化方法,提出一种飞机总体MDO实施流程。该流程包括系统级优化、子系统级优化(或评估)和多学科模型生成器3个部分。系统级优化的任务是优化全局设计变量,使系统目标最优。子系统级优化涉及的学科包括气动、隐身、结构、总体布置、重量和性能,其任务是调整局部设计变量,满足本学科的设计要求,并使本学科目标最优,或对给定方案进行评估。多学科模型生成器的功能是根据飞机外形几何模型自动生成各学科分析模型,它是实现MDO流程自动化的一个关键环节。根据飞机MDO实施流程,集成各学科的分析模型和优化模型,建立了飞机总体MDO计算环境。应用算例表明:所提出的MDO实施流程能成功解决非常规布局飞机总体设计问题。

摘要：针对高马赫数临近空间无人机(HSUAV)概念设计的需求,研究一种飞行器主要总体参数设计的改进方法,目的是提高主要总体参数设计的可信度。在现有的约束分析和任务分析方法基础上,通过融入适用性更广、预测精度更高的气动模型和推进系统模型,建立了一种迭代的设计计算流程。应用参数化建模方法建立了气动数值分析模型,应用发动机热力循环分析建立了推进系统模型。应用本文方法完成了高马赫数临近空间无人机主要总体参数设计计算,结果表明:经过若干次迭代设计计算,主要总体参数值收敛;由传统方法确定的主要总体参数与本文方法的结果有明显差别。由于本文方法中使用了可信度更高的气动和推进系统模型,根据本文方法确定的主要总体参数具有更高的可信度。

摘要：客机族是一组共享通用部件或子系统的、但性能或使用要求不同的相关飞机产品的集合。开发客机族可占领更多的市场份额,是民机取得商业上成功的重要策略之一。由于要考虑通用性要求,客机族总体设计中参数优化问题有别于传统的单一机型总体设计中参数优化问题。研究并提出了一种有效的客机族总体设计阶段中参数优化方法。以设计中短程客机为背景,定义了客机族的总体布局形式,开发了飞机族总体设计综合分析模型,重点讨论了如何定义飞机族总体参数优化问题中设计变量、设计约束和设计目标。应用自适应进化算法求解该客机族总体参数优化问题。计算结果表明,优化后获得的总体参数能满足各机型设计要求,且能兼顾各机型的经济性。

摘要：翼身融合布局(BWB)客机的客舱布置方案在很大程度上决定了其气动外形,筛选出一种合理的客舱布置方案是BWB客机概念设计的一项重要任务。为了提高BWB客机客舱布置设计的效率,应用基于知识工程(KBE)的方法,将BWB客机客舱布置的知识和规范融入在客舱布置几何模型创建过程中,开发出了一个BWB客机客舱布置快速生成的原型系统。分别以300座和400座BWB客机为例,验证该原型系统的有效性。结果表明,只需输入客舱布置设计要求和主要参数,该原型系统即可自动地生成客舱布置方案。所开发的原型系统为BWB客机客舱设计提供了一种快速的途径。