摘要：There is a consensus that the prevention of wound infection should be achieved in the following ways:(1)closing the wound to protect it from extra infection;(2)an antibacterial agent that could kill endogenous ***,existing bulk two-dimensional antibacterial materials show inefficient adhesion to wounds with complex morphology and thus cause the prevention of wound *** the thickness of bulk two-dimensional materials to less than 100 nanometres endows them with great flexibility,which could allow them to adhere to wounds with complex morphology by only physical ***,a broad-spectrum and efficient antimicrobial peptide(AMP)was introduced to biocompatible methacrylated gelatine(GelMA)with multiple modification sites,which served as an inner antibacterial *** being combined with a biodegradable and good mechanical poly-l-lactide(PLLA)outer layer through plasma-treatment-assisted spin coating,we finally constructed bilayered antibacterial nanosheets with a thickness of approximately 80 *** bilayered nanosheets possess good adhesion to surfaces with complex topography and thus achieve better wound closure than other bulk two-dimensional ***,this AMP-grafted conjugation shows minimal cytotoxicity compared with Ag^+antibacterial agents,and the antibacterial rate of nanosheets is dependent on the graft rate of *** suggest that this bilayered antibacterial nanosheet might be an advanced anti-infection dressing for wound treatment in clinical settings.

摘要：Introduction The concept of“gradients”has been widely demonstrated and applicated in *** example,concentration gradients and potential gradients in the body can regulate the homeostasis as well as the balance of physiological environment;oxygen gradients play a vital role in cellular gene expression and migration.

摘要：As surgical procedures transition from conventional resection to advanced tissue-regeneration technologies,human disease therapy has witnessed a great leap *** particular,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting stands as a landmark in this setting,by promising the precise integration of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules,thus opening up a novel avenue for tissue/organ *** by the editorial board of Bio-Design and Manufacturing,this review brings together a cohort of leading young scientists in China to dissect the core functionalities and evolutionary trajectory of 3D bioprinting,by elucidating the intricate challenges encountered in the manufacturing of transplantable *** further delve into the translational pathway from scientific research to clinical application,emphasizing the imperativeness of establishing a regulatory framework and rigorously enforcing quality-control ***,this review outlines the strategic landscape and innovative achievements of China in this field and provides a comprehensive roadmap for researchers worldwide to propel this field collectively to even greater heights.

摘要：Rice blast and bacterial blight are important diseases of rice(Oryza sativa)caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae ***(Xoo),*** rice varieties for broadspectrum resistance is considered the most effective and sustainable approach to controlling both *** dominant resistance genes have been extensively used in rice breeding and production,generating diseaseresistant varieties by altering susceptibility(S)genes that facilitate pathogen compatibility remains ***,using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,we generated loss-of-function mutants of the S genes Pi21 and Bsr-d1 and showed that they had increased resistance to *** also generated a knockout mutant of the S gene Xa5 that showed increased resistance to ***,a triple mutant of all three S genes had significantly enhanced resistance to both *** and ***,the triple mutant was comparable to the wild type in regard to key agronomic traits,including plant height,effective panicle number per plant,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,and thousand-grain *** results demonstrate that the simultaneous editing of multiple S genes is a powerful strategy for generating new rice varieties with broadspectrum resistance.

摘要：Bioactive scaffolds with interconnected porous structures are essential for guiding cell growth and new bone formation. In this work, we successfully fabricated three-dimensional （3D） porous β-tricalcium phosphate （β-TCP）/calcium silicate （CS） composite scaffolds with different ratios by 3D printing technique and further investigated the physiochemical properties, in vitro apatite mineralization properties and degradability of porous β-TCP/CS scaffolds. Moreover, a series of in vitro cell experiments including the attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells were conducted to testify their biological performances. The results showed that 3D printed β-TCP/CS scaffolds possessed of controllable internal porous structures and external shape. Furthermore, the introduction of CS decreased the shrinkage of scaffolds and improved the in vitro apatite formation activity and degradation rate. Meanwhile, compared with pure β- TCP scaffold, the β-TCP/CS composite scaffolds were more conducive to promote cell adhesion, spread and osteogenesis differentiation. However, when the content of CS was increased to 45%, the ions dissolution rate of the composite scaffolds was so high that leaded to the increase in pH value, which inhibited the proliferation of cells. Our results suggested that the introduction of appropriate CS into β-TCP bioceramic is an effective strategy to prepare bioactive 3D printed bioceramic scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration.

摘要：Inspired by the constitution of things in the natural world,three-dimensional (3D)nanofiber scaffold/cells complex was constructed via the combination of electrospinning technology and origami *** nanofiber boxes prepared by origami provided a limited space for the layer-by-layer nanofiber films,and the human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs)seeded on the both sides of the nanofiber films were expected to facilitate the bonding,of the adjacent nanofiber films through the secretion of extracellular ***,the hFOBs presented 3D distribution in the nanofiber scaffold,and they can stretch across the gaps between the adjacent nanofiber films,forming the cell layers and filling the whole 3D nanofiber ***,a 3D block composed of electrospun nanofiber scaffold and cells was obtained',which possesses potential applications in bone tissue ***,we also created 3D nanofiber structures that range from simple forms to intricate architectures via origami,indicating that the combination of electrospinning technology and origami techniques is a feasible method for the 3D construction of tissue engineering scaffolds.

摘要：研究了工业上常用的无机刚性粒子CaCO3进行表面偶联剂处理和柔性界面层设计(弹性体POE-g-MAH)的处理效果。采用反气相色谱(IGC)、红外光谱(FTIR)对CaCO3粒子表面产生的表面吸附作用、表面化学反应以及表面自由能变化进行了分析研究,结果表明相比于偶联剂在CaCO3粒子形成简单物理吸附,POE-g-MAH和CaCO3反应形成了具有一定强度的界面层。采用IGC方法有效地估算了钛酸酯偶联剂在CaCO3粒子表面形成单分子层的含量在1.9%左右,从而优化了偶联剂含量。初步对不同表面处理后的CaCO3粒子对PP/POE/CaCO3三元复合体系的微观结构形貌影响进行了比较,POE-g-MAH界面层设计有效地促进基体中包覆结构的出现。

摘要：为实现可用于临床乳腺普查的电阻抗成像硬件系统,从临床普查角度出发分析硬件系统的设计要求,进行基于平板电极阵列方式的阻抗扫描成像硬件系统设计。建立了一个多频电阻抗扫描硬件系统,经定标电阻网络对系统的性能进行了评估,激励源输出幅值为1.0V时,幅度信噪比为80dB,相位噪声0.005°;相应采集信号幅度信噪比为60dB,相位噪声0.05°。系统可以识别1%的阻抗变化。物理模型实验表明,系统可识别2mm×2mm×2mm的高电导率目标体。硬件系统精度高,模型实验证明本系统满足临床乳腺检测的需要,但要在临床实验中进一步验证。

摘要：介绍了某电网重大故障应急抢修自动调度系统的设计。该系统由信息采集与数据通信通道监测模块、报文数据库形成与发送模块、通信处理模块等部分组成。所设计的系统能够从调度自动化系统、电能量管理系统及通信通道在线检测系统中提取紧急故障缺陷信号进行分类处理。对关键设计技术进行了说明。系统可与现有管理信息系统(MIS)实现无缝对接,减少了故障处理时间。

摘要：水凝胶是一种由化学或物理交联的高分子聚合材料,具有亲水性的三维网络结构,使其能够吸收并保持大量的水分。水凝胶相对其他材料有着明显优势,其具有含水量高、性质柔软、通透性高、生物相容性好等优点,这些优异的性质使水凝胶在工业、农业、生物医学乃至生活中都有着广泛的应用。近些年来国内外研究者都致力于开发新型水凝胶,以解决传统水凝胶存在的力学强度差、功能单一的问题。因此,涌现了大批多功能、高强度的新型水凝胶,如温度、pH、光、电磁刺激响应性水凝胶,双网络、互穿网络水凝胶,纳米复合水凝胶,自愈合性水凝胶。其中,环糊精及其衍生物的引入是改善水凝胶不足的重要方法之一。环糊精存在特殊的外缘亲水、内部疏水的环状分子结构以及疏水性空腔,能够通过主客体偶合作用稳定络合疏水性分子。近年来,研究者们充分利用环糊精独特的结构和性质,在设计更好的环糊精衍生物水凝胶结构和功能方面不断地进行尝试,取得了丰硕的研究成果,制备了一系列具有优异性能的环糊精及其衍生物高分子水凝胶。环糊精及其衍生物水凝胶不仅在力学性能方面表现出优势,还具有显著的功能性,如刺激响应性、自修复性、形状记忆性、可注射性等。目前,已报道的环糊精衍生物水凝胶结构多样、性质各异,按其网络结构可分为:(1)化学修饰环糊精作为交联剂合成水凝胶;(2)环糊精衍生物的主客体超分子水凝胶;(3)环糊精衍生物的物理/化学双交联水凝胶;(4)环糊精衍生物的滑环水凝胶。各种交联结构的环糊精衍生物水凝胶的开发,赋予了水凝胶不同的功能和性质,为突破传统水凝胶的应用瓶颈提供了思路,使其在催化工程、药物控释、骨/软骨组织修复和水污染物净化领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文归纳了环糊精衍生物高分子水凝胶的研究进展,按水凝胶的交联结构对环糊精衍生物水凝胶进行分类,分别对环糊精分子、环糊精衍生物水凝胶的结构、制备方法、应用等进行介绍,分析了环糊精衍生物高分子水凝胶所面临的问题并展望其前景,以期为制备多功能、高强度环糊精衍生物水凝胶提供参考。