摘要：Luminescent biosensing in the second nearinfrared(NIR-II) region is featured with superior spatial resolution and high penetration depth by virtue of the suppressed scattering of long-wavelength photons. Hitherto, the reported NIR-II nanoprobes are mostly based on carbon nanotubes, organic fluorophores or semiconducting quantum dots. As an alternative, trivalent lanthanide ions(Ln3+) doped nanoparticles have been emerging as a novel class of promising nanoprobes. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the design of highly efficient Ln3+-doped NIR-II nanoparticles towards their emerging bioapplications, with an emphasis on autofluorescence-free bioimaging, sensitive bioassay, and accurate temperature sensing. Moreover, some efforts and challenges towards this rapidly expanding field are envisioned.

摘要：hotodynamic therapy(PDT)has been drawing more and more attention in the antibacterial *** photosensitizers(PSs)tend to aggregate in aqueous media,which reduces the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and seriously affects the photodynamic *** efforts have been made to prevent aggregation of traditional *** contrast,aggregation-induced emission PSs(AIE-PSs)take advantage of aggregation to boost ROS generation and fluorescence ***,the efficacies of the reported antibacterial AIE-PSs are ***,we report a new class of highly effective antibacterial AIE-PSs based on nitrobenzoic acid ***,a negatively charged AIE-PS,can not only selectively kill spherical bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus(***))rather than rod-shaped bacteria(Escherichia coli(***)),but also be easily extended to several AIE-PSs(TTVBP1–3)with positive charges and broad-spectrum antibacterial *** demonstrate that TTVBP2 can kill3.0 log_(10)of *** at very low concentration(125 nmol L^(-1)),TTVBP3 can kill 4.7 log_(10)of Staphylococcus epidermidis(***)at a concentration of 1μmol L^(-1)and 3.8 log_(10)of *** at 5μmol L^(-1),thus enabling them among the most effective antibacterial AIE-PSs reported so ***,these AIE-PSs exhibit excellent wash-free imaging ability for bacteria by simple mixing with *** thus envision that TTVBA,a nitrobenzoic acid-based extendable AIE-PS,provides a new route for the design of AIE-PSs in antibacterial treatment.

摘要：Lanthanide(Ln^(3+))-doped near infrared(NIR)-II luminescent nanoprobes have shown great promise in many technological fields,but are currently limited by the low absorption efficiency of Ln^(3+)due to the forbidden 4f→4f ***,we report a novel NIR-II luminescent nanoprobe based on efficient energy transfer from Ce^(3+)to Er^(3+)and Nd^(3+)in sub-10 nm SrS nanocrystals(NCs),which are excitable by using a commercial blue light-emitting diode(LED).Through sensitization by the allowed 4f→5d transition of Ce^(3+),the NCs exhibit strong NIR-II luminescence from Er^(3+)and Nd^(3+)with quantum yields of 2.9%and 2.3%,***,by utilizing the intense NIR-II luminescence of Er^(3+)from the thermally coupled Stark sublevels of ^(4)I_(13/2),we demonstrate the application of SrS:Ce^(3+)/Er^(3+)NCs as blue-LED-excitable NIR-II luminescent nanoprobes for ratiometric thermal *** findings reveal the unique advantages of SrS:Ln^(3+)NCs in NIR-II luminescence,which may open up a new avenue for exploring novel and versatile luminescent nanoprobes based on Ln^(3+)-doped sulphide NCs.

摘要：Polarized upconversion luminescence(UCL)of lanthanide-doped micro/nano-crystals has shown great promise in single-particle tracking and super-resolution ***,because of the spectral line broadening and multiple sites of lanthanide in upconversion particles(UCPs),the crystal-field(CF)polarization components of UCL are usually ***,we report the linearly polarized UCL in LiLuF_(4):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+) single microcrystals with resolvable CF transition lines and a polarization degree up to *** CF levels and CF transition lines of Er^(3+),as well as their emission polarization anisotropy,are unraveled for the first time through low-temperature and high-resolution photoluminescence(PL)and UCL *** taking advantage of the well-resolved and highly-polarized CF transition lines of Er^(3+),we demonstrate the application of LiLuF_(4):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+) single microcrystals as anisotropic UCL probes for orientation *** findings provide fundamental insights into the polarization anisotropy of UCL in lanthanide-doped single particles,thus laying a foundation for the future design of anisotropic luminescent probes towards versatile applications.

摘要：作为电动汽车检修工作中的常见故障,电动汽车交流慢充不充电故障能否被有效诊断及快速修复,对于提升用户体验及保障电动汽车充电安全至关重要。文章围绕充电控制导向电路这一关键环节,深入分析了电动汽车慢充系统的工作原理,紧密结合实际检修经验,总结了电动汽车交流慢充不充电故障的常见原因,设计了一套故障诊断流程和检修步骤,涵盖了从故障定位到故障排除的全过程,为技术人员快速、准确地解决电动汽车交流慢充系统故障提供参考与借鉴。

摘要：提出了基于XML、面向协同设计的模板设计标记语言———TDML,提炼了TDML的定义及特征,阐述了TDML的语法及语义,并介绍了协同模板可视化设计环境及其包含的有关TDML实现与设计的运行框架;针对该框架下的模板解释器及模板分割与复合、模板结构和参数分离与合并等操作模块进行了描述,给出了模板与可视化造型库的接口.最后以冷冲模与沙发为实例,验证了TDML在协同模板可视化设计系统中的有效性.

摘要：全无机零维金属卤化物因其独特的光学性能和可溶液法加工的特点,有望成为替代铅卤钙钛矿的新一代发光材料,在固态照明和光电探测等领域发挥重要作用。本文报道了一种Cd^(2+)掺杂的Cs_(2)ZnCl_(4)新型黄光荧光粉。该材料在270 nm紫外光激发下,呈现565 nm的宽带、长寿命(11.4 ms)发光,荧光量子产率达到46.0%。通过变温高分辨光谱测试分析,证明了其发光来源于Cd^(2+)的3E→^(1)A_(1)禁戒跃迁,并且在低温下(<170 K)还观测到局域态激子的发光及其到Cd^(2+)的高效能量传递过程。此外,该材料还展现出优异的抗热猝灭性能,150℃温度下的发光强度依然保持室温时的90.0%。本工作为Cd^(2+)掺杂金属卤化物的激发态动力学提供了新发现,也为新型高效零维金属卤化物发光材料的设计开发提供了新思路。

摘要：时间分辨荧光生物标记作为一种灵敏的非放射性标记技术,在科研及医疗机构已获得广泛应用。传统的时间分辨荧光标记以稀土螯合物作为分子探针,存在着光化学稳定性差、长期生物毒性以及价格昂贵等缺点。稀土掺杂无机纳米晶因其优异的光化学与光物理性能,是目前普遍看好且有望成为替代稀土螯合物的新一代时间分辨纳米荧光探针。利用稀土纳米探针的长寿命发光,结合时间分辨探测技术,可以有效抑制短寿命的背景荧光干扰,显著提高生物检测的灵敏度和信噪比。本文系统地介绍了稀土掺杂无机纳米晶独特的发光性能及其作为时间分辨纳米荧光探针在疾病标志物体外检测方面的最新研究进展,并对该领域的未来发展方向和趋势进行了深入探讨。

摘要：稀土掺杂微/纳材料的偏振上转换发光在单颗粒示踪和生物医学等领域具有广泛的应用前景.稀土离子的偏振上转换发光主要取决于其局域态的电子结构和激发态动力学.利用单颗粒偏振上转换光学测试平台对β-NaYF_(4):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)微米棒的偏振上转换发光进行了系统研究.随发射偏振角的变化,单个微米棒的上转换发光强度发生周期性改变,且来自Er;同一光谱支项的不同晶体场子能级跃迁的偏振方向不同.与光谱支项整体的上转换发光相比,其晶体场子能级上转换发光表现出更大的发射偏振度.利用Er;高度偏振的晶体场跃迁谱线,实现了对单个微米棒空间取向的动态分析,揭示了NaYF_(4):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)微米棒作为偏振各向异性的上转换荧光探针在单颗粒取向示踪方面的潜在应用.

摘要：稀土掺杂的无序结构晶体具有优异的下转移和上转换发光性能,通过对材料的发光调控可使其广泛应用于各种光学和光电子学领域。稀土离子的光学性质与所处的晶体场环境密切相关,因此,使用稀土离子作为灵敏的结构探针,可以确定无序结构发光材料中稀土离子掺杂的局域结构和位置对称性;同时,通过改变稀土离子掺杂的无序结构晶体的局域位置对称性也可以进行一系列发光调控。本文首先介绍了稀土离子掺杂无序结构材料的晶体学格位对称性和光谱学格位对称性;其次,系统总结了通过改变局域结构来调控稀土离子掺杂的下转移/上转换发光的最新成果,包括组分调节和外场调节;最后,深入探讨了稀土掺杂无序结构发光材料面临的挑战和发展前景。