摘要：Rapid capacity decay and inferior kinetics are the vital issues of anodes in the conversion reaction for lithium-ion *** engineering can efficiently modulate the intrinsic properties of transition-metal oxide(TMO)-based electrode materials,but the effect of oxygen vacancies on electrode performance remains ***,abundant oxygen vacancies are in situ introduced into the lattice of different TMOs(e.g.,Co_(3)O_(4),Fe_(2)O_(3),and NiO)via a facile hydrothermal treatment combined with *** Co_(3)O_(4)as a typical example,results prove that the oxygen vacancies in Co_(3)O_(4−x)effectively accelerate charge transfer at the interface and significantly increase electrical conductivity and pseudocapacitance *** Li-ion diffusion coefficient of Co_(3)O_(4−x) is remarkably improved by two orders of magnitude compared with that of Co_(3)O_(4).Theoretical calculations reveal that Co_(3)O_(4−x)has a lower Li-insertion energy barrier and more density of states around the Fermi level than Co_(3)O_(4),which is favorable for ion and electron ***,TMOs with rich vacancies exhibit superior cycling performance and enhanced rate capability over their *** strategy regulating the reaction kinetics would provide inspiration for designing other TMObased electrodes for energy applications.

摘要：多源动力矿用卡车节能环保、灵活高效,具有广阔的市场前景。三电平DC/DC变换器凭借其出色的输入输出特性常被用作矿卡车载能量交互设备,在车载多种动力设备和多种功能负载之间进行能量分配与管理。该变换器不仅需要满足多种供电模式以及电池充放电控制,并且需针对所带负载的多样性采用不同的控制方式以及自适应地在不同控制方式间进行切换,同时还需要解决不同模式下的中点电压平衡问题。文章以车载DC/DC变换器为研究对象,通过对能量流的分析,提出了一种采用电流方向判据的电池充放电、各种负载供电以及回馈的能量管理策略;同时设计三电平DC/DC变换器在不同工作状态下的统一化中点电压平衡控制策略,形成了一套完整的能量管理方式。仿真结果显示,采用该控制策略,DC/DC变换器在不同工况下都具有良好的中点电压平衡效果。