摘要：This paper applies Newmark’s communicative translation and semantic translation theory to analyzing the English translation of Chinese public signs and its pragmatic functions. It finds that communicative translation is typically used to fulfill the communicative function of public signs. Both communicative and semantic translation are employed to adapt to different situational contexts, in order to preserve the pragmatic functions of the Chinese public signs. The differences between Chinese and English lead to pragmatic errors in translation, making the translator’s bilingual proficiency and familiarity with English culture necessary. The fundamental principle of public sign translation is to be concise and clear, which often requires modifying some complex rhetorical devices from Chinese in translation.

摘要：为满足桥梁支座用铸钢在海洋大气环境下的耐蚀性要求,设计了2种成分的Cr-Ni-Cu系耐腐蚀低合金铸钢。采用周浸加速腐蚀试验、实地大气暴露试验考察试验钢在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为,并结合扫描电镜、XRD、电化学手段分析了合金元素对锈层和电化学行为的影响。结果表明,2种成分的Cr-Ni-Cu系低合金铸钢的耐蚀性均较好,随着时间延长,耐蚀铸钢腐蚀率下降并达到稳定,而对比钢种20MnSi腐蚀率保持下降趋势,未达到稳定状态。周浸腐蚀316h后耐蚀铸钢与20MnSi腐蚀率差距变小;Cr元素在内锈层中呈条带状富集,有效阻碍了Cl-的扩散,Ni的加入提高钢的自腐蚀电位,促进γ-FeOOH向α-FeOOH的转化,增加锈层稳定性;Cr、Ni、Cu的复合加入增大了铸钢的电荷传递电阻,提高了耐蚀性。

摘要：为了定量研究风电并网对电力系统的可靠性和备用配置影响,基于蒙特卡罗方法和粒子群优化算法给出了一种风电并网后的电力系统可靠性评估和备用优化模型。利用历史风速数据统计得到风机的出力概率分布图,并利用蒙特卡罗算法,对各种条件下风电并网后的电力系统进行了可靠性评估。设计了一种基于可靠性指标的备用优化模型,利用粒子群算法对比优化前后所需备用容量的大小。测试算例评估结果表明,不同接入容量、接入点和接入方式对最后的电力系统可靠性影响不同,并得到了不同容量下的风电场容量可信度,为含不同风电入网容量下的电力系统调度提供了备用量化指标。加入实际系统后的进一步研究表明了风电并网后备用优化的有效性和必要性。

摘要：文章简明地介绍了自行小车输送线的基本组成,主要对汽车生产线用自行小车输送线系列化设计的问题进行了研究与探讨,为智能化输送线这一非标设备形式的系列化提供了一种新的实现方式。

摘要：Metal corrosion causes billions of dollars of economic losses *** a smart and new energy-harvesting device,triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)can convert almost all mechanical energy into electricity,which leads to great prospects in metal corrosion prevention and cathodic *** this work,flexible TENGs were designed to use the energy harvested by flexible polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)films with ZrB_(2)nanoparticles and effectively improve the dielectric constant by incorporating ZrB_(2).The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current were 264 V and 22.9μA,respectively,and the power density of the TENGs reached 6 W·m^(-2).Furthermore,a selfpowered anti-corrosion system was designed by the rectifier circuit integrated with TENGs,and the open-circuit potential(OCP)and Tafel curves showed that the system had an excellent anti-corrosion effect on carbon ***,the system has broad application prospects in fields such as metal cultural relics,ocean engineering,and industry.

摘要：分析了无机化学实验教学的现状,实验内容陈旧,实验教学模式单一等;综述了无机化学实验教学的一些改革措施,如开展综合设计式教学,重视学生实验素质的培养,加强教师的指导作用,加强绿色化学教学和开放实验室等.

摘要：In this paper, we extend a novel unconstrained multiobjective optimization algorithm, so-called multiobjective extremal optimization （MOEO）, to solve the constrained multiobjective optimization problems （MOPs）. The proposed approach is validated by three constrained benchmark problems and successfully applied to handling three multiobjective engineering design problems reported in literature. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach is highly competitive with three state-of-the-art multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, i.e., NSGA-11, SPEA2 and PAES. Thus MOEO can be considered a good alternative to solve constrained multiobjective optimization problems.

摘要：本文以铅锌烧结矿为原料,采用响应曲面法研究了不同因素之间的交互作用对氧化锌还原过程的影响。首先,选定还原温度、还原时间、配炭量这3个工艺参数作为影响因子,以锌还原率作为响应值,通过基于中心组合设计的响应曲面法设计出三因素五水平的优化实验方案;其次,对优化实验结果进行拟合,得到了氧化锌还原过程的回归模型;最后,利用回归模型对氧化锌还原过程进行优化。研究结果表明:氧化锌还原过程模型精度高,还原温度和还原时间对锌还原率的影响显著,在还原温度为1 422 K、还原时间为18.7 min、2.94倍理论配炭量的优化条件下,锌还原率的预测值为94.13%,验证实验值为94.36%,与预测值的相对误差为0.24%,说明优化方案准确、可靠,并达到了优化工艺参数的目的。

摘要：采取低碳+低锰+微合金化元素的化学成分设计,通过控制冶炼和控制轧制工艺,降低X52管线钢因成分波动而引起的性能变化。生产的X52管线钢板化学成分在标准要求范围内,轧后组织为铁素体+珠光体,屈服强度402 MPa,抗拉强度550 MPa,-20℃冲击功≥95 J,-20℃DWTT 100%,各项力学性能符合标准要求。

摘要：为了提高自主水下航行器(autonomous underwater vehicles,AUVs)末端光学导引回收定位精度,本文首次将深度网络引入基于多象限测角的AUV光学导引定位位置解算任务中,提出了基于多分支回归网络的AUV光学导引定位方法.建立了水下光学导引定位系统的物理几何关系,研究了多分支结构的位置解算回归网络,设计了数据驱动的多维度定位约束训练方法,搭建了基于多象限测角的AUV光学导引定位硬件系统,实现了光学导引硬件与算法的一体化设计.利用AUV搭载的多象限光电探测器,采集回收站–导引灯偏角数据,将该数据作为系统输入,能够实时获取AUV与导引灯的相对位置坐标.仿真结果表明,本文方法的单次坐标解算平均耗时5.650 ms,误差解算均值为58.292 mm@0.8~20 m,标准差为43.347 mm@0.8~20 m,最佳误差解算均值达7.107 mm@2~3 m.经海试验证,本文方法的位置解算速度和精度能够满足AUV末端光学导引回收需求.与现有光学(视觉)导引方法相比,解算速度更快,算力功耗需求低,能量消耗少,为AUV完成能源补充、数据传输、指令下达等任务提供了可靠的技术路线.