摘要：Trichoderma-based formulations are applied as commercial biocontrol agents for soil-borne plant path- ogens. Chlamydospores are active propagules in Trichoderma spp., but their production is currently limited due to a lack of optimal liquid fermentation technology. In this study, we explored response surface methodologies for opti- mizing fermentation technology in Trichoderma SH2303. Our initial studies, using the Plackett-Burman design, iden- tified cornmeal, glycerol, and initial pH levels as the most significant factors （P〈0.05） for enhancing the production of chlamydospores. Subsequently, we applied the Box-Behnken design to study the interactions between, and optimal levels of, a number of factors in chlamydospore production. These statistically predicted results indicated that the highest number of chlamydospores （3.6×108 spores/ml） would be obtained under the following condition： corn flour 62.86 g/L, glycerol 7.54 ml/L, pH 4.17, and 6-d incubation in liquid fermentation. We validated these predicted values via three repeated experiments using the optimal culture and achieved maximum chlamydospores of 4.5×108 spores/ml, which approximately a 8-fold increase in the number of chlamydospores produced by T. harzianurn SH2303 compared with that before optimization. These optimized values could help make chlamydospore production cost-efficient in the future development of novel biocontrol agents.

摘要：钙以氢氧化钙形式作为pH调节剂进入印染废水处理系统中,论文以浙江某印染废水处理厂为例,在其成熟工艺的基础上同比例构建模拟全套反应器。通过Biolog微平板技术选取研究130 mg/L、250 mg/L和500 mg/L不同浓度钙对好氧池中微生物碳源利用情况的影响,发现250mg/L浓度下除了羧酸类碳源利用下降,其余碳源利用程度均提高。

摘要：针对真实深海采矿环境下实时微地形超声探测声信号获取难的问题,设计并建立了一套能模拟真实深海采矿混响环境的超声探测实验系统.在对螺旋采掘头结构简化的基础上,利用Fluent模拟了螺旋采掘头与多组叶轮模型对水下流场的影响,对二者所得的水下流场进行比较后,确定所选叶轮模型能较好地反映真实采矿环境.随后针对叶轮模型,实验测量了泥沙垂向浓度分布,验证了设计模型的正确性.最后进行超声探测实验,结果表明,悬浮泥沙不仅对声波产生黏滞和吸收,而且会产生严重的混响干扰,通过该超声探测系统的时间增益补偿,可有效抑制混响干扰,增加目标检测概率.本项研究为深海采矿混响环境下的超声微地形探测提供了研究基础.

摘要：提出利用交互式网络仿真技术构建对用户透明的网络仿真系统并真实再现通信网络的观点,指出使用高级体系结构(HLA)来加强网络仿真技术在交互式仿真操作中的应用,从而克服了现存网络仿真软件只能模拟固定参数的网络模型的缺点。详细讲述了将网络仿真软件和用户控制台以联邦形式加入HLA中,通过RTI这条“软总线”传递信息以实现两者之间的通信的方法。这样,传统的,以离散事件驱动而无法提供与用户接口的网络仿真软件就可以在运行中与用户交互,从而实现交互式网络仿真系统。

摘要：目的 研究慢性氟砷联合暴露对大鼠骨骼代谢Runx2及其下游相关因子的影响.方法 将54只8周龄清洁级SD大鼠按析因设计方法随机分成9组,每组6只,雌雄各半,分为对照组、低氟组、高氟组、低砷组、高砷组、低氟低砷组、低氟高砷组、高氟低砷组及高氟高砷组.使用氟化钠（NaF,低氟组5mg/kg、高氟组20 mg/kg）和亚砷酸钠（NaAsO2,低砷组2.5 mg/kg、高砷组10 mg/kg）灌胃染毒6个月；测定大鼠骨骼中Runx2、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）、成骨相关转录因子（Osterix）核因子-κB受体活化因子配基（RANKL）蛋白浓度.结果 对照组、低砷组、高砷组无氟斑牙出现,低氟组、高氟组氟斑牙比例（分别为5/6、6/6）与对照组（O）相比,差异均有统计学意义（x2=8.57、12.00,p＜0.05）.骨氟含量随着氟染毒剂量的增加而升高,无氟染毒组[对照组、低砷组、高砷组的几何均数（最小值～最大值）分别为0.005（0.003 ～0.009）、0.006（0.003～0.021）、0.007（0.002～0.100）mg/g]、低氟组[低氟组、低氟低砷组、低氟高砷组分别为3.395（2.416 ～5.871）、3.809（1.471 ～7.799）、3.853（1.473～6.732）mg/g]、高氟组[高氟组、高氟低砷组、高氟高砷组分别为70.086（46.183～ 131.927）、69.925 （40.503 ～ 96.183）、67.950（52.622 ～ 89.487） mg/g]组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.骨砷含量随着砷染毒剂量的增加而升高,其中低砷组[低砷组、低氟低砷组、高氟低砷组分别为7.195（5.060 ～9.860）、6.518（2.960 ～ 12.130）、6.970（3.400 ～9.730）μg/g]、高砷组[高砷组、低氟高砷组、高氟高砷组分别为8.823 （5.760 ～ 10.840）、9.470（7.230～12.860）、8.321（2.420 ～17.540）μg/g]浓度均高于无砷染毒组[对照组、低氟组、高氟组分别为1.785（0.300～3.750）、2.226（1.410～3.980）、2.030（1.040 ～3.850） μg/g],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而低砷组与高砷组骨砷含量差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.氟与Runx2、MMP-9、Osterix、RANKL蛋白含量间呈正相关（氟染毒量与蛋白含量间相关系数分别为0.647、0.354、0.582和0.613）,骨氟含量与蛋白含量间相关系数分别为0.559、0.387、0.487、0.525,P值均＜0.01,砷染毒剂量与Runx2呈负相关（相关系数为-0.527,P＜0.05）,与MMP-9、RANKL、Osterix无相关关系（P＞0.05）.氟砷联合染毒与Runx2、MMP-9、RANKL、Osterix蛋白含量具有交互效应（F值分别为3.88、15.66、2.92、6.42,P值均＜0.05）.结论 氟砷联合暴露对大鼠骨骼代谢Runx2及其下游相关因子的交互作用表现为拮抗作用.

摘要：本单元教学基于深度学习理念,围绕“结构决定性质,性质决定应用”这一化学和生物学共通的核心概念,针对2个学科对“性质”理解和表达的差异,围绕“生命活动的本质是微粒间的相互作用”的跨学科下位概念,探讨化学与生物学课程对性质认识的区别与联系,从而发展对“结构决定性质,性质决定应用”核心概念的结构化认识,即建构核心概念就是“宏观辨识与微观探析”等化学学科核心素养和“结构功能观”等生物学科核心素养的具体体现,促进学生的化学与生物学学科核心素养融合发展。以“设计低升糖指数零卡代糖”为驱动性任务,针对学生感兴趣的糖和代糖,确定了“从化学键的角度,认识糖的性质和主要功能”“代糖为什么是甜的”“如何获得零卡代糖”和“辩证认识糖和代糖”等具有内部逻辑关联的关键问题,开发系列核心学习任务,并细化为促进学生认知发展的学习活动。

摘要：结合广州市十涌西路顶管工程设计、施工案例,介绍市政排水工程顶管顶进施工工艺原理和关键技术点,包括顶进工艺原理、针对不同土质条件顶进施工的要点、顶管顶进过程中的测量技术、顶管顶进过程中的纠偏方法以及控制要点,并通过工程实际得出监测结果:地表沉降最大累计量仅为6.5 mm,地表沉降最大速率1.2 mm/d,验证了在复杂的地质条件下,采取相应的措施并严格执行测量纠偏技术,能够适应地质变化,确保顶管施工的安全性和可靠性。

摘要：教学中的师生互动是提高学员教育教学能力，把培训目标落到实处的必由之路．案例教学加强骨干教师培训的师生互动环节，在案例教学中应注意几个问题：案例课对培训教师的素质提出了更高的要求；案例课教学成效的关键是案例的选择；案例的设计要注意系统性；案例的评价是促进案例教学健康发展的有效手段．

摘要：Chemical prelithiation is regarded as a crucial method for improving the initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of li-storage ***,a substituent-engineered li-cyanonaphthalene chemical prelithiation system is designed to simultaneously enhance the ICE and construct a multifunctional interfacial film for SiO electrodes.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron energy-loss spectroscopy(EELS),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy(AFM)prove that the licyanonaphthalene prelithiation reagent facilitates the formation of a rectified solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film in two ways:(1)generation of a gradient SEI film with an organic outer layer(dense Ncontaining organics,ROCO_(2)li)and an inorganic liF-enriched inner layer;(2)homogenization of the horizontal distribution of the composition,mechanical properties and surface *** a result,the prelithiated SiO electrode exhibits an ICE above 100%,enhanced CEs during cycling,better cycle stability and inhibition of lithium dendrite formation in the overcharged ***,the prelithiated hard carbon/SiO(9:1)‖LHCoO_(2) cell displays an enhancement in the energy density of 62.3%.

摘要：Since the suspended sediments have severe influence on acoustic radiated field of transducer, it is significant for sonar system to analyze the influence of suspended sediments on acoustic pressure in the seafloor mining environment. Based on the KZK （Khokhlov-Zabolotkaya-Kuznetsov） equation, the method of sound field analysis in turbid water is proposed. Firstly, based on the analysis of absorption in clean water and viscous absorption of suspended sediments, the sound attenuation coefficient as a function of frequency in the mining environment is calculated. Then, based on the solution of KZK equation in frequency domain, the axial sound pressure of transducer in clear water as well as turbid water is simulated using MATLAB. Simulation results show that the influence of the suspended sediments on the pressure of near field is negligible. With the increase of distance, the axial sound pressures of transducer decay rapidly. Suspended sediments seriously affect the pressure in far-field. To verify the validity of this numerical method, experiment is designed and the axial sound pressure of transducer with a frequency of 200 kHz and a beam width of 7.5~ is measured in simulated mining experiment. The results show that the simulation results agree well with the experiments, and the KZK equation can be used to calculate the sound field in turbid water.