摘要：This paper presents the design and experimental results of a continuous-time (CT) sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulator with data-weighted average (DWA) technology for WiMAX applications. The proposed modulator comprises a third-order active RC loop filter, internal quantizer operating at 160 MHz and three DAC circuits. A multi-bit quantizer is used to increase resolution and multi-bit non-return-to-zero (NRZ) DACs are adopted to reduce clock jitter sensitivity. The NRZ DAC circuits with quantizer excess loop delay compensation are set to be half the sampling period of the quantizer for increasing modulator stability. A dynamic element matching (DEM) technique is applied to multi-bit ΣΔ modulators to improve the nonlinearity of the internal DAC. This approach translates the harmonic distortion components of a nonideal DAC in the feedback loop of a ΣΔ modulator to high-frequency components. Capacitor tuning is utilized to overcome loop coefficient shifts due to process variations. The DWA technique is used for reducing DAC noise due to component mismatches. The prototype is implemented in TSMC 0.18 um CMOS process. Experimental results show that the ΣΔ modulator achieves 54-dB dynamic range, 51-dB SNR, and 48-dB SNDR over a 10-MHz signal bandwidth with an oversampling ratio (OSR) of 8, while dissipating 19.8 mW from a 1.2-V supply. Including pads, the chip area is 1.156 mm2.

摘要：In this paper, a new analysis and design method for proportional-integrative-derivative （PID） tuning is proposed based on controller scaling analysis. Integral of time absolute error （ITAE） index is minimized for specified gain and phase margins （GPM） constraints, so that the transient performance and robustness are both satisfied. The requirements on gain and phase margins are ingeniously formulated by real part constraints （RPC） and imaginary part constraints （IPC）. This set of new constraints is simply related with three parameters and decoupling of the remaining four unknowns, including three controller parameters and the gain margin, in the nonlinear and coupled characteristic equation simultaneously. The formulas of the optimal GPM-PID are derived based on controller scaling analysis. Finally, this method is applied to liquid level control of coke fractionation tower, which demonstrate that the proposed method provides better disturbance rejection and robust tracking performance than some commonly used PID tuning methods.

摘要：汉画像是优秀传统艺术的奇葩,可以给设计速写教学以启发和借鉴,这主要表现在图像建构、主体的创造性和以人为本的设计理念等方面。

摘要：利用微机控制力学试验机和SAEU2S数字声发射系统对混凝土试件进行了单轴受压声发射试验,研究了混凝土试件破裂全过程的声发射特征,重点探讨了频谱特征、能量变化、声发射事件计数率等与试件失稳破损过程各阶段的对应关系.试验表明混凝土试件的失稳破坏并不是瞬间完成的,而是内部显微裂纹扩展形成更大的宏观裂纹,并最终贯通导致破坏的过程.声发射事件伴随试件受力压密与弹性变形、塑性变形及裂纹贯通破损的全过程,在不同阶段具有显著不同特征.以此为判据,设计了混凝土工程稳定性声发射预警试验系统,验证表明该系统能够反映出混凝土工程失稳情况,及时准确发出预警信息.

摘要：介绍了车身装配偏差分析(AVA)系统中车身装配设计专家系统的构造与分析流程以及装配知识的获取与表达,通过基于知识的装配顺序获取与尺寸链的生成、接头方案配置与公差设计来完成基于知识的车身装配工艺设计.构建了一个由概念设计到详细设计基于知识的数字化车身设计平台,使得产品的整个装配设计过程集成到一个统一的设计环境中,在一定程度上达到概念设计与制造的并行协调设计.

摘要：Background There is a relatively high failure rate of the femoral component in patients with avascular necrosis at the intermediate-term follow-up. Improving the geometrical fit of the femoral stem against the medullary canal may help to provide long-term survivorship of the hip replacement for patients with avascular necrosis. Methods We designed a specific stem, based on morphometric studies of proximal femoral canals in Chinese avascular necrosis patients and evaluated the stem by finite element analyses, comparing the novel stem with two commercially available and commonly used stems. Results The morphometric data from avascular necrosis patients showed specific geometric differences in the proximal femoral canal, including profile curves in both the sagittal and coronary planes than the patients with femoral neck fracture. The shorter stemmed prostheses （FitmoreR and our stem） performed better than the longer stemmed prosthesis （VerSysR）. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the femoral geometries of Chinese avascular necrosis patients. Our stem provides better stability and is theoretically beneficial to bone ingrowth, which may increase the long-term stability and fixation of the implant.

摘要：为寻找更有效的混凝土工程破坏前兆判据,开展混凝土单轴加载破坏全过程声发射试验。通过SAEU2S型数字声发射采集系统直接采集破坏全过程声发射信号波形,分别用FFT变换及小波包变换对不同破坏阶段声发射信号分析处理,发现不同破坏阶段声发射信号频率分布、频带能量变化规律,并从声发射信号频率变迁与裂纹扩展关系角度阐释混凝土破坏机理。采用小波包变换频带能量计算方法在Matlab中计算并绘制不同破坏阶段声发射信号频带能量分布直方图,重点分析0~26 kHz低频带能量占比及随加载时间变化规律,提出低频能量占比达某门限值即为破坏临界点的重要判据指标。此规律可作为混凝土工程稳定性监测预警前兆判据,对评估混凝土内部损伤具有理论指导意义。

摘要：详细论述Si/SiGe量子级联激光器的工作原理,通过对比找到一组合适的Si,Ge和SiGe合金的能带参数,进而应用6×6k.p方法计算了不同阱宽、不同Ge组分Si/Si1-xGex/Si量子阱价带量子化的空穴能级本征值及其色散关系,分析Si/Si1-xGex/Si量子阱空穴态能级间距随阱宽和组分的变化规律,最后应用计算结果讨论了Si/SiGe量子级联激光器有源区的能带设计,有益于优化Si/SiGe量子级联激光器结构.

摘要：针对概念设计阶段装配公差设计的特点,提出了概念设计车身装配偏差分析系统(AVA),研究了装配顺序、接头类型和装配公差三者的不确定性关系及其对装配最终偏差的影响.通过该系统可以解决关键尺寸在车身装配概念设计阶段成本条件下满足质量要求的装配方案设计,并可以快速实现设计方案的生成、分析与决策.

摘要：为克服主跨大于200 m的山区桥梁在桥型选择中采用连续刚构桥易导致的弊端,以及选用上承式钢筋混凝土拱桥由于适用条件存在的局限性,提出了将常规预应力混凝土连续刚构桥和上承式钢筋混凝土拱桥在结构体系上进行组合,形成上承式梁拱组合刚构新桥型。大跨径上承空腹式梁拱组合刚构桥的结构体系和力学特征进行了分析,采用有限元分析方法对该桥型的主要结构参数、合理成桥状态、拱梁汇合段构造、梁拱倒三角区施工和临时扣索的合理拆除时机等设计关键技术开展研究,结果表明:上承空腹式梁拱组合刚构桥利用下弦拱辅助主梁受力并形成自平衡受力体系,显著减小了中跨和边跨主梁长度,使结构力学性能得以优化,具有结构竖向刚度大,对长期挠度变形控制效果好的优点;当结构关键控制点的强度、刚度和线形计算指标符合目标范围时,可达到合理成桥状态;拱梁汇合段的下弦拱顶板与上弦梁底板的交汇构造采用A字形,构造简单,传力效果好,施工质量容易控制;该桥型适宜采用平衡悬浇节段施工,梁拱倒三角区段上弦梁和下弦拱均需采用临时斜拉扣挂辅助结构受力,下弦拱临时扣索宜在拱梁汇合段形成后与中跨常规梁段跨中合龙之前分批拆除,上弦梁临时扣索在全桥合龙后拆除。