摘要：Insulin is widely used in treating diabetes, but still needs to be administered by needle injection. This study investigated a new needle-free approach for insulin delivery. A portable powder needleless injection（PNI） device with an automatic mechanical unit was designed. Its efficiency in delivering insulin was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The skin irritation caused by the device was investigated and the results were analyzed in relation to aerodynamic parameters. Inorganic salt-carried insulin powders had hypoglycemic effects, while raw insulin powders were not effective when delivered by PNI, indicating that salt carriers play an important role in the delivery of insulin via PNI. The relative delivery efficiency of phosphate-carried insulin powder using the PNI device was 72.25%. A safety assessment test showed that three key factors（gas pressure, cylinder volume, and nozzle distance） were related to the amount of skin irritation caused by the PNI device. Optimized injection conditions caused minimal skin lesions and are safe to use in practice. The results suggest that PNI has promising prospects as a novel technology for delivering insulin and other biological drugs.

摘要：Based on the principle of FBG sensing mechanism,an alternating current sensor system,which uses a FBG attached on a magnetostrictive rod as the probe,was developed.A dynamic interrogation method was proposed based on wide band light source,by making use of the linear relationship between its power intensity and wavelength as spectrum filter.A 50 Hz AC signal is interrogated successfully through the developed system and the system transfer function was *** amplitude and frequency of the AC signal to be measured can be well deduced through the transfer function of the system, so the alternating current measurement is accomplished.

摘要：迁移管是离子迁移谱仪的核心部件,性能优劣直接影响仪器的好坏。分辨率和灵敏度是迁移管的重要性能指标,受到迁移管多个结构参数的影响。为了研究不同结构参数对迁移管性能的影响,为迁移管的设计优化提供指导,根据迁移管分辨率和灵敏度的理论,应用SIMION/SDS多物理场仿真方法对迁移区电场强度、离子门脉冲宽度、迁移管长度等因素进行了仿真研究。根据仿真结果,得到了上述因素对迁移管性能的影响趋势,得出了最优的参数设计。

摘要：基于PC的地震预警信息接收系统是使用C/S架构研发的用于接收地震预警消息的运行在个人电脑的客户端软件。在地震发生后,该系统从地震预警推送平台实时接收预警消息,并在客户端完成用户所在地地震预警时间提醒、预估地震影响程度(地震烈度)、历史事件回放等功能。该系统使用MVC设计模式,实现业务模型与界面表现层的低耦合,增强了系统的灵活性和可扩展性。使用MQTT通讯协议实现与服务器的长连接,保证了消息推送的时效性。基于开源GIS架构的GeoTools组件更方便实现地图展示及空间属性查询。随着地震预警发布与接收系统的广泛应用,该系统也为其他行业地震预警接收系统的研发提供参考依据。

摘要：高等教育“新医科”建设迫切需要科学评价课程育人效果。本文前期建立基础医学课程通用的“TCA”思政模式,以生物化学名词三羧酸循环中的“TCA”(三羧酸)类比育人的“一心三力”(T-思考力与合作力、C-鉴别力、A-敬畏心),引导学生建立正确的认知观、科学观和生命观。据此,本文进一步探讨如何科学评价“一心三力”育人效果,以反馈“TCA”思政建设质效。针对大班课个体差异化、学习反馈碎片化、元认知升维难测的育人评价难点,采用增值性评价、矩阵化评价、可迁移性评价策略,从思考质量、思维创造性、合作能力、思维迭代性、思维辩证性和岗位责任6个方面评价“一心三力”。通过借鉴和改造教育学和心理学中18个成熟的评价工具,构建包含30个一级指标的评价量规体系(11个新设计、10个部分改构、9个直接采用),同时列出49个二级指标和98个三级指标增强评价过程的可操作性。上述整套“一心三力”评价量规应用于空军军医大学五年制本科生物化学教学,可视化评价魔力生化圈创意作品中体现的思考力与合作力、大班互动双师课堂中体现的鉴别力、高阶虚拟仿真实验任务中体现的敬畏心,结果显示,生化教学对学生的改变不仅有知识的积累,更包括价值观和认知观等育人性目标的实现。课程中加入创意性表现评价、合作学习和临床病例等教学创新,能够使学生人际交往能力、合作能力、思考质量、思维创造性、思维迭代性和思维辩证性等在不同程度上得到提升。生化课程育人的效果具有长效性,能够对学生长远的认知方式和生活方式产生良性变化。由此,借助科学的育人评价量规,教师能够及时知晓教学效果,促进教学决策的进一步优化。

摘要：Energetic particle radiation diagnoses mainly detect the particles(such as neutrons,gamma rays,hard X-rays,and escaping electrons)that are radiated in the discharge process of the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak device to characterize the operating state of the plasma in real *** upgrading of these diagnoses requires new instruments based on national(here,“national”means developed and produced by a Chinese company)core chips and open-source software with advanced digitization,a high sampling rate,and a high time *** new spectroscopy system designed in this study adopts the national field-programmable gate array(FPGA)and an analog-to-digital converter as the core chip,and it is developed using Qt on *** communication between the FPGA and embedded controller occurs via a high-speed peripheral component interconnect eXtension for instrument express protocol with a direct memory access *** this basis,the time resolution of the system is improved from 2 to 1 ms,the maximum channel address is increased to 4096,and the sampling rate is increased from 10 to 80 *** experiments of the spectroscopy system with 152Eu and 137Cs sources demonstrate that the best energy resolution is 0.27%and the measurement error is less than±0.5 keV.

摘要：The careful design of nano-architectures and smart hybridization of expected active materials can lead to more advanced properties. Here we have engineered a novel hierarchical branching Cu/Cu2O/CuO heteronanostructure by combining a facile hydrothermal method and subsequent controlled oxidation process. The fine structure and epitaxial relationship between the branches and backbone are investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the evolution of the branch growth has also been observed during the gradual oxidation of the Cu nanowire surface. The experimental results suggest that the surface oxidation needs to be performed via a two-step exposure process to varying humidity in order to achieve optimized formation of a core-shell structured branching architecture. Finally, a proof-of-concept of the function of such a hierarchical framework as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries is demonstrated. The branching core-shell heterostructure improves battery performance by several means： （i） The epitaxially grown branches provide a high surface area for enhanced electrolyte accessibility and high resistance to volume change induced by Li^＋ intercalation/extraction; （ii） the core-shell structure with its well-defined heterojunction increases the contact area which facilitates effective charge transport during lithiation; （iii） the copper core acts as a current collector as well as providing structural reinforcement.

摘要：目的制备盐酸罗匹尼罗缓释微丸,初步探讨其释药机制及其在大鼠体内的药动学行为。方法以乙基纤维素水分散体为缓释包衣材料,通过流化床以空白丸芯层积上液的方式制备缓释微丸,考察包衣增重、不同种类及用量的致孔剂及老化时间对药物释放的影响,通过中心复合设计优化盐酸罗匹尼罗缓释层处方。将SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别口服给药盐酸罗匹尼罗缓释微丸、速释微丸和市售制剂,不同时间取样后,计算其药动学参数。结果缓释层最终包衣处方:乙基纤维素水分散体6.82%、羟丙甲基纤维素4.66%。盐酸罗匹尼罗缓释微丸相对于速释微丸及缓释片粉末的生物利用度分别为133.01%、138.31%。结论所制得的盐酸罗匹尼罗缓释微丸处方工艺简单,释药稳定性好,缓释效果明显。

摘要：目的寻求L-乳酸发酵的廉价基质和资源化利用废弃烟梗。方法以废弃烟梗为材料制备水提取液(tobacco stem extraction,TSE),以菌株XJL发酵废弃烟梗提取液制备L-乳酸,通过Plackett-Burman优化设计实验对影响菌株XJL发酵废弃烟梗提取液制备L-乳酸的相关变量因素进行分析评估。结果所选10个相关变量因素中,当发酵时间为24 h时,酵母粉和碳酸钙是影响菌株XJL发酵制备L-乳酸的重要正效应因子,当发酵时间为42 h时,酵母粉、果糖、磷酸氢二钠和碳酸钙是影响菌株XJL发酵制备L-乳酸的重要正效应因子。在Plackett-Burman优化实验设计中,发酵时间为24 h和42 h时,L-乳酸的最高产率分别为307.5 g/kg和315.0g/kg。结论在Plackett-Burman实验中,发酵时间的延长对L-乳酸产率的提高影响不大,营养添加物能够提高L-乳酸的产量。

摘要：离子束抛光作为一种超精密加工技术,被应用于材料表面抛光的精抛阶段,而其原子量级的去除效果使得它的加工过程与加工效果难以直接观察,因此为了能够从微观尺度研究离子束抛光的加工效果以及加工参数对材料表面粗糙度与表面损伤的影响,提出使用分子动力学模拟的方法研究离子束抛光过程,通过对氩离子轰击单晶硅的仿真模拟,分析加工参数对单晶硅表面粗糙度与晶格损伤的影响规律,指导实际的加工工艺设计.研究发现,在不同加工角度下,离子剂量对于表面粗糙度的影响规律不同,低角度(0°~40°)低剂量以及高角度(>50°)高剂量的加工有助于达到较低的表面粗糙度;随着加工角度的增加,离子束对晶体表面造成的损伤逐渐减少,当加工角度大于40°时能够大幅度减少晶格损伤.模拟结果显示在实际的离子束抛光过程中,为了得到高质量的表面,应该采取高角度高剂量的加工方式以达到既降低材料表面粗糙度又减小对材料表面晶格产生损伤的目的.