摘要：The activation of multisite high-entropy alloy(HEA)electrocatalysts is helpful for improving the atomic utilization of each metal in water electrolysis ***,well-dispersed HEA nanocrystals on Nrich graphene with abundant M–pyridinic N–C bonds were synthesized through an ultrasonic-assisted confinement synthesis *** Raman analysis and density functional theory calculations revealed that the electrocatalysts presented the optimal electronic rearrangement with fast ratedetermined H_(2)O dissociation kinetics and favorable H^(*)adsorption behavior that greatly enhanced hydrogen generation in alkaline electrolyte.A small overpotential of only 138.6 mV was required to obtain the current density of 100 mA cm^(-2) and the Tafel slope of as low as 33.0 mV dec^(-1),which was considerably smaller than the overpotentials of the counterpart with poor M–pyridinic N–C bonds(290.4 mV)and commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts(168.6 mV).The atomic structure,coordination environment,and electronic structure were *** work provides a new avenue toward activating HEA as advanced electrocatalysts and promotes the research on HEA for energy-related electrolysis.

摘要：纸号印记在古籍中并不多见,但作为研究古籍实物的一手材料,却能为我们鉴定版本、研究纸张提供直接的依据。纸印由花纹、图饰、文字等信息符号组成,可为艺术研究提供佐证。本文搜集纸号57种,对印文不全、纸张价格、朱蓝纸印亦附加揭示,共辑录有纸印古籍92种,供研究者按图索骥。

摘要：Developing novel electrode materials for li-thium-ion batteries （LIBs） with rapid charge/discharge cap- ability and high cycling stability remains a big challenge to date. Herein, we demonstrate the design and synthesis of ul- trathin MoS2 nanosheets in-situ grown on sponge-like carbon nanospheres by a simple diffusion-controiled process. The unique sponge-like carbon nanosphere core can be used as ＂reservoir＂ of electrolyte by adsorbing to shorten the ion- diffusion path, and meanwhile as ＂elastomer＂ to alleviate the structural change of the MoS2 nanosheets during the charge/ discharge processes. Furthermore, the vertical ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with broadened interlayer space greatly enrich the electrochemical active sites. Consequently, the as-obtained MoS2/C nanospheres exhibit increased specific capacities at various rates with superior cycling stability compared to the MoS2/C floccules. It is reckoned that the present concept can be extended to other electrode materials for achieving high- rate and stable LIBs.

摘要：Sodium ions(Na+) and ether electrolyte coinserted graphite possesses a considerable volume expansion effect. However, the mechanism fails to clearly explain its stability. In response to this deficiency, the co-inserted reaction is proposed, which is affected by the Lorentz force of the applied electric field under the high-current condition. The Na^(+) ions are separated out, while the ethylene glycol dimethyl ether molecules remain between the graphite layers. This insight provides a reasonable explanation for the extraordinary stability of this material. In situ X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations confirm the separation and release of Na+. On the basis of this result, unmodified commercial graphite was stably cycled 6400 times at a current density of up to 10 A g^(-1), and the capacity retention rate was as high as 97.2%. The full battery assembled in the laboratory has a maximum output power of 14,846 W kg^(-1)and an output energy density of 103 W h kg^(-1)(relative to the weight of anodic and cathodic active materials). The new mechanism provides innovative ideas for the design of large-scale energy storage devices.

摘要：随着元宇宙技术的发展,虚拟数字人将成为新的“创作”主体,并对传统版权制度提出了严峻挑战。同人工智能一样,元宇宙中虚拟数字人生成的内容属于文学、艺术和科学领域且能以一定形式表现,符合“形式”上的“作品”要件。那么,可版权性与否的关键就落在对于独创性要件的证立上。判断虚拟数字人生成内容的独创性,应秉持主观主义标准,重点考察其生成内容的过程中是否包含个性化创作空间。元宇宙中虚拟数字人生成内容的过程兼具机器智能与人类智慧,有别于单纯的人类或AI“创作”,本质是一种人机协作。当下ChatGPT4.0等大语言模型及提示工程技术的发展迅猛,人机协作模式正在逐渐替代单纯的人类或AI“创作”成为主要创作方式。人机协作模式下,只要来源于人类智慧的个性化创作空间不会被机器智能所侵蚀,那么虚拟数字人生成的内容就符合独创性要件,具有可版权性。

摘要：在电解水制氢过程中,为了在低电位下获得超高电流密度,其关键在于打破氧生成反应的标度关系.本文中,我们设计了一种新型异质界面功能化的NiFe(OH)_(x)/Ni_(3)S_(2)电催化剂,成功地规避了析氧反应(OER)的标度关系,使ΔGHOO*-ΔGHO*的差值从3.20 eV降低到2.38 eV.所制备的NiFe(OH)_(x)/Ni_(3)S_(2)电催化剂仅需要310 mV的过电位即可获得2000 mA cm^(-2)的超高电流密度, Tafel斜率仅为20.8 mV dec^(-1).此外,在1000 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度下,稳定运行100小时后无明显的活性损失,该性能优于目前报道的OER催化剂.进一步利用密度泛函理论计算和实验结果揭示了并联催化作用机制,发现多种中间体吸附能均一化能够优化OER反应路径,从而提升超高电流密度下的OER催化性能.本文的研究结果对开发工业级高性能水分解电催化剂具有重要的指导意义.

摘要：由于CO_(2)传质的限制,在H型电池中,具有高法拉第效率(>90%)和大电流密度(>150 mA cm^(-2))的电催化CO_(2)还原(CO_(2)RR)制备HCOOH燃料的过程非常具有挑战性.在本文中,我们报道了一种在泡沫Cu上原位构建具有三维(3D)多孔网络核壳纳米线结构的优异CO_(2)RR电催化剂.核壳结构由Cu纳米线核和Sb-Bi合金壳组成(Cu@Sb_(x)Bi_(y)NWs/Cu).制备的Cu@Sb_(x)Bi_(y)NWs/Cu具有171.3mA cm^(-2)的高电流密度以及92%的HCOOH法拉第效率,就电流密度而言优于几乎所有报道的铋基催化剂.理论研究表明,Sb的引入使Bi的电子态提高到接近费米能级,与纯Bi表面相比,^(*)OCHO中间体更易吸附在Sb-Bi界面上,从而加速CO_(2)还原.此外,Sb_(0.1)Bi_(1)与纯Bi相比具有更强的键能,这有利于催化剂在反应过程中的稳定性.Sb_(0.1)Bi_(1)合金和3D导电核壳纳米网络的形成更有利于快速电子转移,并在反应过程中暴露出更多的活性位点,从而获得更好的催化活性.这项工作为设计用于能量转换的高活性铋基催化剂提供了理论依据.

摘要：目的为解决管饲或单纯口服的肠内营养供给手段,缺少食物色香味的感官刺激的问题,自主研发一款沉浸式集成视听嗅觉的虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)假饲装置,并进行设备可用性测试。方法通过护理+机械+计算机多学科合作方式,参考临床患者胃管、氧气管安置等特点,进行3D建模打印气味盒外观框架,采用主流虚拟引擎工具Unity3d.5.x制作场景。该装置通过3种VR用餐场景、23种美食和舒适的用餐环境进行视觉刺激;通过播放咀嚼声音,模拟真实的进食步骤进行听觉刺激;通过自主研发嗅觉气味盒,喷发相应美食气味进行嗅觉刺激。产生设备样机后,纳入10例患者行使用者设备可用性主观评价。结果成功研发一款集成视听嗅觉刺激为一体的VR假饲装置。在视觉评价方面,全部使用者评价视野清晰、实现无阻挡,且菜单节目能够跟随转动,8人认为场景真实;在听觉评价方面,所有使用者认为声音大小适宜,且在食物靠近时有咀嚼音;在嗅觉评价方面,9人在食物靠近时闻到气味,且认为气味真实或部分真实,设备总体使用感受方便,所有使用者均认为该设备呈现清晰、能稳定流畅地运行。所有使用者均未出现头晕等不良反应。结论本装置样机通过临床患者可用性主观测试,能顺利呈现视觉、听觉、嗅觉刺激,有效扩展了VR在医疗领域的应用前景,未来可应用于外科手术、进食障碍、肥胖和食欲不振患者等不能经口进食的群体,为促进外科患者快速康复,提升临床体验提供新思路。

摘要：目的:基于中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发的《关于推进实施国家文化数字化战略的意见》中提出的目标,助力红色文化传承与发展,促进红色文化现代化传播。方法:运用文献综述、实地调研与数据分析法,并结合人工智能技术的应用案例进行研究。基于国内外研究现状,分析江苏红色文化传播模式,提出江苏红色文化传播策略。同时,探索人工智能技术在红色文化资源数字化、保护与传承中发挥的作用。结果:研究发现,江苏面临红色文化资源分散、缺乏系统性保护机制等问题。人工智能技术在数据处理、图像识别、自然语言处理等方面的优势,使红色文化资源的数字化保存和创新传播成为可能。人工智能不仅能够提升红色文化保护效率,还能通过智能化传播手段,使红色文化在现代社会得到更广泛的传播。结论:江苏应充分利用人工智能技术的优势,将红色文化资源数字化与智能化相结合,形成系统化的红色文化保护与传承机制,实现红色文化的现代化传播,增强其生命力和影响力。

摘要：铅和铜是水中的重金属污染物,需要简单快速的传感和检测技术实现这类污染物的同时检测。设计了一种基于FeOOH修饰的丝网印刷金电极(SPGE)传感器,通过电沉积方法制备了FeOOH修饰的丝网印刷金电极,并利用海胆状电极表面结构的独特电化学特性,建立Pb(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的标准曲线,实现了对水中Pb(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的同时检测。实验结果显示,传感器的检测限分别达到2.82μg/L和0.44μg/L。此外,传感器还具有良好的重复性、一致性和抗干扰性。实际水样实验的结果表明,FeOOH修饰的丝网印刷金电极能够用于实际水样中Pb(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的检测,具有实际应用的前景。