摘要：Two-dimensional conductive metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) with high flexibility in structure design and functionalization have inspired numerous research interests as promising multifunctional materials due to their porous structure, high conductivity, and rich redox active sites. This review offers a concise overview of 2D c-MOF syntheses and their applications in rechargeable batteries. The electron transport mechanism of 2D c-MOFs will be briefly introduced first. Then we discuss the designs and syntheses of 2D c-MOFs, emphasizing the conjugate structure for high conductivity and the redox activity for efficient energy storage. The electrochemical behaviors of the 2D c-MOFs in different rechargeable battery systems are summarized with attention to their structure-performance correlations and storage mechanism. Particular attention is paid to the significant applied potential of 2D c-MOFs in the Na-ion batteries (NIBs) and K-ion batteries (KIBs), which are more sustainable battery chemistries but are plagued by the dissatisfactory battery performances due to the large size of the Na+ and K+. The challenges and opportunities regarding their efficient synthesis and rechargeable battery applications are also discussed. We expect this review will spark new endeavors to promote the further development of 2D c-MOFs for advanced rechargeable batteries.

摘要：从加热技术、成形-淬火冷却技术、变强度热冲压技术、新型高强钢材料热冲压、摩擦磨损和数值模拟技术等方面,阐述了其技术应用的现状以及未来发展趋势。当材料和装备确定之后,热冲压模具的设计、制造和维护是保证热冲压生产质量和效率的重点,着重对几种新工艺的模具结构做了介绍。经典的辊底炉生产线适应大规模生产,其高效率主要体现在生产节拍上。随着汽车产品的多样化,特别是在新能源车的开发和规模化生产之前,要求高强钢热冲压生产线更能够适应中小批量和多种材料（如高强铝合金）。这些新的需求,导致了多样化加热方式的研究,以及智能试验线的出现。辊底炉生产线、多层箱式炉生产线和智能试模线的研究及应用,推动了全球热成形生产和汽车轻量化的步伐。

摘要：KD 计算法是KD KS 计算法在编制棒、线材拉拔配模规程中的应用 ,它完全可以取代现有的几种计算法。该法计算依据较为合理 ,运算操作简便。

摘要：随着全球老龄化加剧与残障人士出行需求的增加,交通领域,尤其是客船无障碍设计日益成为关注重点。本文通过对国内外无障碍设计标准的比较,分析了现有客船设施中无障碍设计的应用现状及其存在的不足。国内标准提供了基础框架,并在政策法规上有所推动,但在设计细节、执行力度和创新性方面仍有提升空间。国际上许多国家在无障碍设计上已建立成熟的法律体系,并在细节设计、用户体验及执行力上有所突破。通过对比分析,本文指出,中国在客船无障碍设计方面需要加强细节要求、执行力度及创新性,以更好地满足老年人和残障人士的出行需求。

摘要：Conceptual design plays an important role in product life cycle, which requires engineers to use sound design theory, cross-disciplinary knowledge, and complex technical support to acquire design concepts. However, the lack of sufficient computational tools makes it difficult for designers to fully explore in the wide design solution spaces. Therefore, this paper proposes an integrated cognitive computing approach to formalize the cognitive activities of conceptual design. A cognitive computing model composed of concept associative memory, concept generation, and decision-making process is established based on the integration of cognitive psychology and engineering design. First of all, the Hopfield neural network is used to acquire similar concept solutions for specific subfunctions from a knowledge base. Then, morphological matrix and genetic algorithm are introduced to produce a set of feasible candidate solutions in the concept generation process. Furthermore, a technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution is applied to evaluate the generated concept solutions and obtain the optimal solution automatically. Finally, a case study is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.

摘要：通过对车辆移动定位的各种技术和开发平台的分析,设计开发了基于WebGIS和移动通信的车辆定位系统,以实现对车辆高效、低成本的定位。采用模块化的设计思路进行系统总体结构设计,并详细研究其关键组成部分的设计与实现。定位显示模块以WebGIS技术中4层结构的瘦客户机模式开发,定位处理模块通过移动定位中心(MPC)对驾驶员手机定位来获取车辆位置信息。该系统的设计方法具有客户端要求低、免维护、操作简便、用户接入方便和安全性高等优点,且无需安装专用终端设备,克服了高楼遮挡效应。

摘要：对于大系统的优化,子系统由于分析模型计算复杂而大量采用近似模型代替与优化。常用的近似建模技术有响应面模型(RS)、计算机试验设计与分析模型(DACE)和神经网络中的误差后向传播模型(BP)。拟对以上三种近似建模技术进行了比较研究,简要阐述了三种近似建模技术的理论基础,并应用实例分别进行了考核。在各近似模型的近似精度和计算费用等方面进行了初步探讨与研究。

摘要：钢筋混凝土深梁受力不同于浅梁,梁腹开孔后受力更趋复杂。现有的设计方法对深梁行为的解释不够完备,设计结果的适用性难以判断,设计规范也没有给出开孔深梁的设计条文。为研究深梁设计方法的有效性,本文采用了非线性有限元分析方法,引入适合混凝土结构非线性分析的断裂塑性模型,并考虑钢筋粘结滑移效应,对一系列开双孔或偏孔钢筋混凝土深梁试验进行仿真分析,所得结果与试验结果吻合良好,能够准确预测深梁在裂缝、破坏形态及承载力等方面的受力特征。研究表明现有的深梁设计方法中,压拉杆模型方法相较内力法和应力图形法更加经济有效。在仿真分析的基础上,提出了一种对开孔深梁具有普遍适用性的非线性设计方法,其设计结果具有高承载力、较好延性、经济的配筋量和充分的材料利用率的优点。

摘要：为研究坐便器冲洗过程流态分布、流体动力学性能,优化虹吸管道而得到节水型坐便器。建立了坐便器的三维模型,应用RNGk?ε紊流模型及VOF方法对坐便器内部三维紊流流动进行了雷诺平均N-S方程的数值模拟,计算结果揭示了坐便器内流场三维流动形态,研究了坐便器虹吸管内流动规律,分析了虹吸管形状对流速分布、压强分布和虹吸性能的影响,以三维紊流场的分析结果为依据,实现了坐便器虹吸管道的优化设计。PIV测试数据验证了三维紊流数值模拟结果的准确性。

摘要：为完善圆形地连墙设计理论,探讨了现行规范方法的力学概念、环向应力计算方法、土-结构相互作用及环向刚度折减系数等关键问题,基于薄壳理论推导了地基双向弹簧条件下圆形地连墙的基本微分方程,改进非线性土体弹簧模型以考虑土压力发挥极限值所需的位移,引入连续弹簧模拟环形内衬,采用增量法计入施工过程影响,并编制了有限元程序;同时,提出采用单元体试验研究圆形地连墙环向刚度折减系数取值方法,考虑接缝刚度与宽度、地连墙半径、槽段平均长度等因素建立了折减系数计算公式,最后,以阳逻大桥圆形锚碇基坑工程为例进行了计算与对比分析。结果表明:典型条件下折减系数为0.467~0.679;该方法位移计算值与实测值基本吻合,克服了现行方法无法分析支护结构环向应力及地连墙两侧土压力发展过程的缺陷;计算参数物理意义明确、易于获取,可为工程设计提供较为全面的参考依据。