摘要：The cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system, as a technical core of synthetic biology, can simulate the transcription andtranslation process in an in vitro open environment without a complete living cell. It has been widely used in basic and appliedresearch fields because of its advanced engineering features in flexibility and controllability. Compared to a typical crudeextract-based CFPS system, due to defined and customizable components and lacking protein-degrading enzymes, the proteinsynthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) system draws great attention. This review first discusses the elementalcomposition of the PURE system. Then, the design and preparation of functional proteins for the PURE system, especially thecritical ribosome, were examined. Furthermore, we trace the evolving development of the PURE system in versatile areas,including prototyping, synthesis of unnatural proteins, peptides and complex proteins, and biosensors. Finally, as a state-ofthe-art engineering strategy, this review analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by the PURE system in futurescientific research and diverse applications.

摘要：Hydrogenated amorphous Si （a-Si：H） is a promising material for photovoltaic applications due to its low cost, high abundance, long lifetime, and non-toxicity. We demonstrate a device designed to investigate the effect of nanostructured back reflectors on quantum efficiency in photovoltaic devices. We adopt a superstrate configuration so that we may use conventional industrial light trapping strategies for thin film solar cells as a reference for comparison. We controlled the nanostructure parameters via a wafer-scale self-assembly technique and systematically studied the relation between nanostructure size and photocurrent generation. The gain/loss transition at short wavelengths showed red-shifts with decreasing nanostructure scale. In the infrared region the nanostructured back reflector shows large photocurrent enhancement with a modified feature scale. This device geometry is a useful archetype for investigating absorption enhancement by nanostructures.

摘要：Highly active and low-cost catalysts for electrochemical reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） are crucial for the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Theoretical simulations have been instrumental in revealing the correlations between the electronic structure of materials and their catalytic activity, and guide the prediction and development of improved catalysts. However, difficulties in accurately engineering the desired atomic sites lead to challenges in making direct comparisons between experi- mental and theoretical results. In MoS2, the Mo-edge has been demonstrated to be active for HER whereas the S-edge is inert. Using a computational descriptor- based approach, we predict that by incorporating transition metal atoms （Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu） the S-edge site should also become HER active. Vertically standing, edge-terminated MoS2 nanofilms provide a well-defined model system for verifying these predictions. The transition metal doped MoS2 nanofilms show an increase in exchange current densities by at least two-fold, in agreement with the theoretical calculations. This work opens up further opportunities for improving electrochemical catalysts by incorporating promoters into particular atomic sites, and for using well-defined systems in order to understand the origin of the promotion effects.

摘要：设计具有丰富活性位点的低成本且稳定的电催化剂对于提高析氧反应效率仍然具有挑战性。本文采用电化学沉积的方法,在铜箔上制备了非晶-结晶共存的三元Ni-Co-Mo金属氧化物薄膜催化剂.实验结果表明,Ni-Co-Mo催化剂具有非晶-结晶异质结构,经过表面重构后,发生了显著的Mo离子析出,从而导致稳定后的催化剂中富含大量的氧空位.具有丰富氧空位的非晶-结晶异质结催化剂,能够暴露更多的催化活性位点并降低电子转移阻抗,显著提升催化剂析氧反应性能.在1mmolKOH中的电化学测试表明,重构后的催化剂驱动20mA/cm^(2)电流密度的过电位仅为308mV,塔菲尔斜率为90mV/dec.同时,该催化剂可以在20mA/cm^(2)的电流密度下连续工作超过24小时,显示出良好的稳定性.

摘要：径向柱塞液压马达在中大型机械装备中应用十分广泛,然而因其内部存在冲击与疲劳磨损等问题,对径向柱塞液压马达的寿命与性能造成了一定的影响。针对上述问题,提出了一种改进粒子群算法优化径向柱塞液压马达内曲线的方法,该方法将等加速度曲线重构为含补偿区的等加速度曲线,以减小冲击和接触应力突变值。以粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)为基础,加入自适应非线性动态权重与多子种群竞争优化策略,构建一种改进粒子群算法,对各区段角度进行重新分配,重新生成含补偿区的径向柱塞液压马达内曲线。对比优化前后的结果表明,最大接触应力下降了2.54%,最大接触应力处的突变值下降至0;接触应力不再阶跃式上升,有上升过程,冲击较小。该研究能够为径向柱塞液压马达的设计提供参考,有效减缓疲劳与磨损,降低冲击影响,从而延长液压马达的使用寿命。

摘要：文中结合抽检案列详细介绍了弹性波CT在铁路桥梁零号块无损检测中的具体应用,展示了弹性波CT技术的高效、无损、高分辨的特点。

摘要：四方平定巾棱角分明且各平面近呈四方形,后分衩处缝有两根系带用以调节适应头围大小,是明代的典型首服之一。根据时代变化其高低、佩戴方式、质料等均有变化,且与其他首服和主服的搭配也有一定范式。四方平定巾产生之初因具有四方平定的政治寓意而被推广,并成为明代士人儒生的标志,明代中晚期受社会风尚的影响产生了僭越奢汰等情况,至清代其成为怀念故国的标志,既是明代士庶首服审美的代表亦是社会变迁的缩影。

摘要：木屐经历数千年的发展、传承,在魏晋南北朝时期得到广泛普及并流行。魏晋南北朝时期的木屐不仅设计巧妙、制作考究,且方便实用,无论造型、屐齿、装饰、制作、用途,还是出土数量上都达到了历代之最。其流行的原因受到时人服散、任诞毁礼、登山玄游、旷达雅量等社会风尚的影响,体现出服饰品的流行发展与社会文化的相互观照。

摘要：In recent years,China’s public diplomacy has flourished,with literary exchanges and external communication undoubtedly becoming an essential *** with the progress of Chinese technology,science fiction literature has become a focal point both domestically and *** paper investigates the background of the Chinese science fiction literature’s national characteristics,the manifestation of these characteristics in works,and the advantages of communication from three *** also explores new ideas for the external communication of Chinese science fiction literature from the perspective of public diplomacy,inspiring new pathways for the integration of Chinese culture with the world,and telling Chinese stories to the world.

摘要：综合了新农村建设中村镇环境景观的现状,提出了村镇景观设计的原则,在此基础上具体阐明了景观设计与规划的实施策略,以期为新农村的村镇环境景观设计提供借鉴。