摘要：Nuclear safety is a global growing concern,where ionizing radiation(IR)is a major injury factor resulting in serious damage to *** detection of IR is usually conducted with physical dosimeters;however,biological IR detection methods are ***,a living composite hydrogel consisting of engineered bacteria and gelatin/sodium alginate was 3D-printed for the biological detection of *** strains of PrecA::egfp gene circuit-containing engineered Escherichia coli were constructed with IR-dependent fluorescence,and the DH5αstrain was finally selected due to its highest radiation response and *** bacteria were loaded in a series of gelatin/sodium alginate matrix hydrogels with different rheology,3D printability and bacterial applicability.A high-gelatin-content hydrogel containing 10%gelatin/1.25%sodium alginatewas *** optimal living composite hydrogelwas 3D-printedwith the special bioink,which reported significant green fluorescence underγ-ray *** living composite hydrogel provides a biological strategy for the detection of environmental ionizing radiation.

摘要：针对电加热锅炉在干烧时存在温控器熔断、锅炉表面温度过高的风险,以及锅炉烧水时NTC感温元件附近水温与出水口水温可能存在相差过大的问题,以一款咖啡机电加热锅炉为例,分别针对锅炉干烧工况、静态工况、动态工况下的壳体壁面温度与出水口温度开展数值模拟,并通过实验测试进行验证。结果表明,干烧工况下,壳体壁面温升速度逐步加快,开始加热92 s后达到断电温度150℃。静、动态工况下,锅炉出水温度呈持续上升后下降的趋势,最终达到动态平衡状态,温度稳定在67℃左右。经对比分析,模拟值与实验值的最大相对误差不超过5%,表明数值模型具有较高准确性,可作为锅炉自动控制系统的设计参考依据。