摘要：While it is known that mechanical dynamics are influential in neural differentiation for critical processes like neurogenesis or neurodegeneration, studies on neural stem cell therapies usually focus on biochemical interactions rather than mechanical aspects, frequently resulting in low efficacy and unfulfilled potential. Therefore, current studies are attempting to elucidate the effect of mechanical stimulus on neural performance using conventional two-dimensional(2D) planar substrates. Yet, these2D substrates fail to capture the defining three-dimensional(3D) characteristics of the in vivo neural stem cell *** complete this research gap, we synthesized a series of soft and elastic 3D hydrogels to mimic the neural tissue mechanical environment for 3D cell culture, using long-chain polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PEGDA) and gelatin-methacryloyl(Gel MA).By varying the concentration of the polymer, we obtained biomimicking hydrogels with a tensile modulus as low as 10 k Pa and a compressive modulus as low as 0.8 k Pa. The in vitro results demonstrated that Gel MA-PEGDA hydrogels have the high biocompatibility required to support neural cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as neurite outgrowth. We then studied the effect of mechanical stretching on the behaviors of neural cells and observed that mechanical stretching could significantly enhance neurite extension and axon elongation. In addition, the neurites were more directionally oriented to the stretching direction. Immunocytochemistry and relative gene expression data also suggested that mechanical tension could upregulate the expression of neural differentiation protein and genes, including GFAP and βIII-Tubulin. Overall, this study shows that in addition to the specific mechanical properties of Gel MA-PEGDA that improve neural differentiation towards specific lineages, hydrogel stretching is also a potentially attractive strategy to improve the therapeutic outcomes of neural stem cel

摘要：Tissue curvature has long been recognized as an important anatomical parameter that affects intracellular behaviors,and there is emerging interest in applying cell-scale curvature as a designer property to drive cell fates for tissue engineering *** neural cells are known to undergo dramatic and terminal morphological changes during development and curvature-limiting behaviors have been demonstrated in neurite outgrowth studies,there are still crucial gaps in understanding neural cell behaviors,particularly in the context of a three-dimensional(3D)curvature landscape similar to an actual tissue engineering *** this study,we fabricated two substrates of microcurvature(curvature-substrates)that present a smooth and repeating landscape with focuses of either a concave or a convex *** these curvature-substrates,we studied the properties of morphological differentiation in N2a neuroblastoma *** contrast to other studies where two-dimensional(2D)curvature was demonstrated to limit neurite outgrowth,we found that both the concave and convex substrates acted as continuous and uniform mechanical protrusions that significantly enhanced neural polarity and differentiation with few morphological changes in the main cell *** enhanced differentiation was manifested in various properties,including increased neurite length,increased nuclear displacement,and upregulation of various neural *** demonstrating how the micron-scale curvature landscape induces neuronal polarity,we provide further insights into the design of biomaterials utilizing the influence of surface curvature in neural tissue engineering.

摘要：David Gianotten OMA主管合伙人项目:麦肯锡香港分公司办公室设计师:OMA完成时间:2011年5月主管合伙人:David Gianotten项目建筑师:Alejandra Blanco Ackerman设计团队:Karbi Chan,yin ho,Katja Lam,Mike Lim,Ted Lin,Catherine Ng,

摘要：面积:214平方米间格:三室一厅"要追溯传统中国的设计艺术,并不一定要将房子完全改头换面,每分每寸、一板一眼的将凡属于传统的抄袭过来,这样太矫揉造作了,毕竟我们是现代人,该有现代的生活方式,因此最好能做到‘形不似而神似’。""形不似而神似"的意思是不刻意用传统中国化的物质而塑造出传统中国化的神髓,要掌握这种神髓必须具备三大特征: "空" 、 "淡" 、"雅"。

摘要：面积:121平方米(建筑面积)间格:三室一厅"日出日落,岁月如烟飞逝。春去秋来,盛满了欢笑与眼泪。"这是一首老歌的歌词,生活是悲与喜的交杂,而且往往混淆不清。同样,在生活的空间里也蕴含了各种元素,要在这之间辨清它们的关系并且取得平衡,不但是布置的艺术,更是生活的艺术。当我们进入这房子的时候,可以感受剑整个布置气氛十分和谐,很有家的味道。

摘要：大概许多人也有这种经验,在设计居所的时候,预先设定要摆放某些东西,然后要求设计师依就它们来筹划空间。而这房子的主人就选择了一架钢琴,对设计师而言,这些预设的条件往往会成为构思上的阻碍和限制一假若我们无法从这些物品的身上看出其与户主的关系的话。

摘要：随着微机电系统(MEMS)设计日趋成熟,度量问题越来越成为微系统技术中的热点。使用改进的拉普拉斯求和方法(SML)和深度估计法来测量热度驱动微夹持器末端的弯曲程度。实验中,使用了10幅在42℃时微夹持器的水下工作图像来验证这种光学聚焦方法,结果证明使用光学聚焦方法可以测量出作为驱动器反馈输入的末端弯曲大小,实现对驱动器运动的精确控制。

摘要：面积:46平方米间格:两室一厅房子没有饭厅,因为户主不煮食。没有饭厅的房子,改变了空间的结构,这不但见诸于更多的空问可利用,更可从设计师如何诠释大厅观其变奏。一个空间,没有饭桌或饭椅,不会在此饮食,但可在此休息闲聊,更有一列围板包围作密封状态,你怎可能不会联想到这是一个房问呢?从实用功能上,它也许与房间无异,从设计的角度,它也极为随意和温柔,不像一般正襟危坐或工整的客厅。

摘要：如果空间就是线条,房子是外框,那是一幅怎样的景像(别告诉我那是一幅平面设计图!)。平面与立体空间如何相互影响请先听听画家蒙特里安的故事:蒙特里安自一次世界大战以后,

摘要：面积:102平方米间格:三室一厅 "小说讲究章节的连贯,电影讲究镜头的剪辑,音乐讲究片段的过渡,同样,设计讲究空间的组合:而其中一种实用的手法,就是‘呼应’。"有一种普通的扑克玩意叫"克力架" ,玩者须在一副扑克上先翻开一张牌,然后再找出另一点数相同的牌出来,拥有越多"对"牌的便是胜利。过程中玩者必须细心紧记每张曾翻开的扑克,才能找出它的对应者。笔者观看这所房子时,感觉就像在玩"克力架"这个游戏一般,因为在不同的空间,每每发现很多相同或相近的质料、色彩、线条……互相呼应;笔者不由自主地将它们一对又一对的翻开出来。