摘要：Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley’s design principles has been optimized to the architecture’s limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades’ investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.

摘要：This paper puts forward a design idea for blended wing body（BWB）.The idea is described as that cruise point,maximum lift to drag point and pitch trim point are in the same flight *** to this design idea,design objectives and constraints are *** applying low and high fidelity aerodynamic analysis tools,BWB aerodynamic design methodology is established by the combination of optimization design and inverse design *** lift to drag ratio,pitch trim and acceptable buffet margin can be achieved by this design *** 300-passenger BWB configuration based on static stability design,as compared with initial configuration,the maximum lift to drag ratio and pitch trim are achieved at cruise condition,zero lift pitching moment is positive,and buffet characteristics is *** burn of 300-passenger BWB configuration is also significantly reduced as compared with conventional civil *** aerodynamic design is carried out under the constraints of BWB design requirements,the design configuration fulfills the demands for interior layout and provides a solid foundation for continuous work.

摘要：以跨声速机翼设计中权衡气动性能和总体设计要求的工程应用为出发点,在保证机翼结构重量和容积不变的约束下,提出了平面形状优化与剖面翼型优化结合的两步优化设计策略。应用神经网络和遗传算法,建立了相应的设计方法。采用两步优化方法进行跨声速机翼设计,第一步设计中,通过平面形状优化,增大机翼展弦比、减小诱导阻力是机翼气动性能改善的主要原因,但由于结构重量约束,平面形状变化不大,对机翼气动性能改善有限;第二步设计中,以第一步设计所优化的机翼平面形状为基础,并以机翼容积为约束,通过机翼剖面翼型优化,弱化较大马赫数下的激波、减小激波阻力是机翼气动性能改善的主要原因。经过这两步优化设计,机翼在两个设计点下的升阻比分别提高了3.02%和9.96%,阻力发散马赫数由0.854 0推迟到0.865 3,表明两步优化设计方法适合于工程应用。在无结构重量和容积约束下,采用单纯气动最优的平面形状和剖面翼型优化两种设计方法均可明显改善机翼气动性能,但不能满足机翼结构重量和容积不变的设计要求。

摘要：采用直接曲率法(DISC)反设计模块耦合NS方程流场求解程序,建立了具有跨声速翼型和机翼设计能力的气动设计平台。针对翼型表面光顺和跨声速设计中出现的收敛性问题,提出了基于最小二乘法原理的形状改变量曲线拟合方法,可显著改善跨声速设计收敛速度;提出的翼型前缘形状的多项式插值方法,可消除DISC方法中旋转变换而带来的翼型前缘不光顺问题,且具有加速收敛和增强设计稳定性的作用。

摘要：航程和座级直接反映民用客机的市场定位,是飞机产品能否被市场广泛接受的关键因素。目前全球大型客机市场由波音和空客两家公司垄断,又细分为窄体客机、宽体客机和超大型客机等市场。其中,宽体客机的航程跨度较大,是否发展中、短程宽体客机的争论从未终止。伴随空客公司推出A330区域型客机,中短程宽体客机是否有利可图的争论更加炙手可热。有鉴于此,基于全参数化飞机模型,研究了特定座级下设计航程与机翼、发动机、特征重量、气动特性以及燃油经济性之间的关系,分析了设计航程对民用飞机总体设计带来的影响,从技术层面阐述了设计航程变化带来的收益及代价。

摘要：For the problem that the flow separation on the flap lowers the aerodynamic performance of high lift system,an investigation was carried out on using micro vortex generators(VGs) to control the separation on flap of the swept constant chord half-model(SCCH) high-lift configuration,at a small to medium angle of attack,by experimental and numerical *** basic flow characteristics of SCCH landing configuration were analyzed by using numerical method to provide required information for the design of micro ***,by keeping the cruise configuration intact,the preliminary design procedure and design methods of micro VGs were *** addition,the micro VGs were *** effects of VG's arrangement and geometric parameters,such as the arrangement mode,chordwise position,arrangement angle,height and spanwise distance,on controlling efficiency were investigated by using numerical *** the parameters of preliminary VGs were adjusted as the basis configuration for wind tunnel *** experiments were accomplished in NH-2 wind tunnel for validating the numerical method,as well as obtaining the design principles and methods of micro *** parameters of VGs were also optimized based on the *** experimental results showed that the numerical design method can serve as an efficient and accurate design *** lift and drag were increased by 10% and 14%,respectively in landing state,which satisfied the requirements for ***,it was concluded that the established design principles and methods for micro VGs in this investigation can be used in engineering application.

摘要：大型客机高速气动设计需融入型号的设计经验、准确的数值分析方法以及高效的全局优化流程。将型号研制积累的设计经验及准则与现有数值计算工具、优化算法和计算机硬件资源相结合,探索发展了基于CFD的大型客机气动优化设计综合方法,该方法系统综合全局优化与局部寻优、人工经验与数值优化、参数化方法和参数控制以及自动化网格生成等方法和技术,大幅提升了气动设计效率。同时,完善了工程中实用的大型客机高速气动设计方法和流程,设计过程中融入了气动、结冰、静气动弹性等多专业的综合约束,反映了机翼设计多学科综合的本质特征,有助于形成综合最优的设计方案。以大型客机的超临界机翼优化设计为例,叙述了其在高速气动设计工作中的应用。

摘要：为满足现代大型飞机增升装置简洁高效的设计需求,以典型三段翼型为对象,采用数值模拟研究在后缘襟翼上增加微型后缘装置(mini-TED)以提高增升装置效率的可行性;给出了微型后缘装置的作用原理,获得了微型后缘装置位置、长度、偏度等几何参数对增升和升阻性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:微型后缘装置明显改变了襟翼后缘弯度,对襟翼流动产生有利诱导作用,拓展加长了增升装置的有效"气动弦长",是一种附加气动襟翼。其几何参数设计原则是:以长度l≤1.5%c(c为干净翼型弦长)、位于95%襟翼弦向位置前较为合适;偏度则可根据起降等飞行状态进行选择。与四段及其以上增升装置相比,微型后缘装置具有增升效果显著、结构简单、附加重量小和易于工程实现等优点,是一种极具潜力的新型增升技术,具有深入的研究价值和良好的应用前景。

摘要：中国大型客机研制过程中追求"三减,四性":减阻、减重、减排,安全性、经济性、舒适性、环保性。中国大型客机采用翼下常规布局形式,放宽静稳定技术,发动机选用CFM公司Leapx-1C发动机,这对气动设计技术在工程适用性上提出了极高的要求。大型客机是中国第1架完全自主知识产权民用飞机,本文综述了其设计过程中采用的先进气动优化设计方法、CFD分析和充分的风洞试验验证,说明了超临界机翼设计、高效增升装置设计、飞机/发动机一体化设计、尾翼设计、翼梢小翼设计和部件精细化减阻设计技术,能实现大型客机的减阻应用设计。研究表明,中国大型客机在气动设计水平和设计方法上取得了一系列的进展和突破,实现了设计具有较强竞争力的先进民用飞机的目标。

摘要：针对2020年使用的N+2代民用飞机的翼身融合(BWB)布局发展需要,以减小激波阻力为目标,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,开展弱化激波、减小激波阻力的鼓包流动控制技术研究。提出了λ形激波结构"强干扰"和等熵压缩"弱干扰"两种鼓包激波减阻流动控制原理,给出了两种鼓包基本形状设计方法和工程应用的可行性分析,指出λ形激波结构鼓包更易于在工程上实现。系统研究了产生λ形激波结构的鼓包位置、高度和长度等参数对控制激波与减小波阻的影响规律,提出了鼓包参数选择原则。研究结果表明,以激波强度和位置为依据,通过鼓包参数优化匹配,可达到弱化激波、减小波阻的目的,减阻效果显著,对RAE2822和NACA0012翼型的最大减阻量分别可达到21%和12%。