摘要：For most organisms,molecular oxygen is indispensable for normal physiological metabolism;in humans,prolonged hypoxia in tissues can induce many diseases,exemplified by cardiovascular disease,chronic wounds,and tissue ***,the oxygen in our environment is vital for *** a main source of oxygen in the natural world that transforms light energy into chemical energy and oxygen,photosynthesis has been widely studied in scientific research and used in production of food,fuel,and *** recent years,photosynthesis has become more closely involved in biomedicine and has been widely used in photodynamic therapy,tissue regeneration,transplantation,and in treatment of specific *** review summarizes innovative applications of photosynthesis in biomedical research and highlights the theory and implications of clinical treatment for specific diseases.

摘要：The cis-acting regulatory elements, e.g., promoters and ribosome binding sites （RBSs） with various desired properties, are building blocks widely used in synthetic biology for fine tuning gene expression. In the last decade, acquisition of a controllable regulatory element from a random library has been established and applied to control the protein expression and metabolic flux in different chassis cells. However, more rational strategies are still urgently needed to improve the efficiency and reduce the laborious screening and multifaceted characterizations. Building precise computational models that can predict the activity of regulatory elements and quantitatively design elements with desired strength have been demonstrated tremendous potentiality. Here, recent progress on construction of cis- acting regulatory element library and the quantitative predicting models for design of such elements are reviewed and discussed in detail.

摘要：1. Introduction Hydrogenation is one of the most important reactions in the chemical and petroleum refining industries. Since Sabatier [1] first studied the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds in the presence of nickel in 1897, different catalysts have been tested for the hydrogenation of a wide range of substances to produce useful chemicals or intermediates. Compared with homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts have attracted greater attention due to their easier separation and better handling properties [2]. Among the various heterogeneous catalysts, metal-supported catalysts are widely used in various hydrogenation reactions. Particularly, metal oxides are generally used as supports in consecutive hydrogenation reactions due to their high mechanical strength, whereas carbon supports are often utilized to produce fine medicals owing to their large surface area and acid-alkali resistance.

摘要：Selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derivatives into aromatic compounds is a promising route for the upgrading of lignin *** carbide catalysts have exhibited excellent selectivity in hydrodeoxygenation reactions,while their structure-activity relationship is still in ***,a liquid-phase atomic layer deposition method was employed to synthesize W_(2)C/SiO_(2) catalysts with uniform and size-controllable W_(2)C *** gas-phase hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived m-cresol at 350℃,these W_(2)C/SiO_(2) catalysts showed superior toluene selectivities(>95%)regardless of the W_(2)C particle *** optimal W_(2)C particle size of~7 nm was obtained for achieving the highest W_(2)C-based hydrodeoxygenation *** contrast,the turnover rate per surface W site increased almost monotonously as the W_(2)C particle size increased within 0.7-15 nm,attributable to high-index planes appeared on the larger W_(2)C *** effects of m-cresol and H_(2),taken together with temperature-programmed desorption of probe molecules and theoretical treatments,further indicate that the W_(2)C surface is nearly saturated by adsorbed m-cresol or its derivates under the reaction condition and the H-addition of the C7H7*intermediate to form toluene,instead of the initial C-O cleavage in m-cresol,acts as the rate-determining step.A side-by-side comparison between W_(2)C(102)and W_(2)C(001)catalyst surfaces in theoretical simulations of m-cresol hydrodeoxygenation verifies that high-index planes can stabilize kinetically-relevant transition states more effectively than the low-index ones,as a result of more available less-coordinated active sites on the *** above findings bring new mechanistic insights into the site requirements of supported W_(2)C nanocatalysts,distinct from those metal-catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation of oxygenates.

摘要：本文针对目前主要的第三代压水堆机型EPR、AES2006以及CAP1400,从核电厂设计理念,综合性能、安全性和经济性等方面进行对比分析。在此基础上,结合福岛核事故,探讨中国商用核电未来的技术发展方向。通过对EPR、AES2006以及CAP1400的对比分析发现,尽管它们采用了不同的设计理念和技术方式,但作为目前第三代商用压水堆的代表机型,其目标都在于提高核电厂的整体性能、安全性能和经济性,从而在提高安全性的前提下,强化其相比于其他发电方式的竞争力,获得政府、公众和业主的支持。第三代压水堆技术的主要努力方向在于:在安全方面,进一步强化纵深防御体系,将设计加强工况(包括全厂断电、商用飞机撞击和预期未能停堆的瞬态等)纳入设计考虑的范畴;设置预防和缓解严重事故的措施;考虑极端外部事件设防(包括地震和洪水等)。再者,对非能动安全与能动安全两者之间的关系定位、相互衔接进行优化设置,从而更好的保障核安全。此外,严重事故下设备和仪表的可用性成为福岛核事故后需要特别关注的问题。从经济性的角度讲,加强设计简化和标准化,及时将EPR、AES2006以及CAP1400的首台组的建造经验反馈到后续机组,改进可建造性和模块化从而确保经济性和缩短建造周期。从运行的角度讲,考虑国内核电装机容量的增加、较长的设计寿命以及其他可再生能源的并网,核电设计需强化负荷跟踪的能力。长期来看,需要考虑可能的气候变化,从而确保核电站(沿海和内陆)具有较强的应对极端气候以及较高环境温度和冷却水升温的能力。

摘要：The emerging plant synthetic metabolic engineering has been exhibiting great promise to produce either value-added metabolitesor therapeutic proteins. However, promoters for plant pathway engineering are generally selected empirically. The quantitativecharacterization of plant-based promoters is essential for optimal control of gene expression in plant chassis. Here, we used *** leaves and BY2 suspension cells to quantitatively characterize a library of plant promoters by transient expressionof firefly/Renilla luciferase. We validated the dual-luciferase reporter system by examining the correlation between reporterprotein and mRNA levels. In addition, we investigated the effects of terminator–promoter combinations on gene expressionand found that the combinations of promoters and terminators resulted in a 326-fold difference between the strongest andweakest performance, as reflected in reporter gene expression. As a proof of concept, we used the quantitatively characterizedpromoters to engineer the betalain pathway in N. benthamiana. Seven selected plant promoters with different expressionstrengths were used orthogonally to express CYP76AD1 and DODA, resulting in a final betalain production range of 6.0–362.4 μg/g fresh weight. Our systematic approach not only demonstrates the various intensities of multiple promoter sequencesin N. benthamiana and BY2 cells but also adds to the toolbox of plant promoters for plant engineering.

摘要：The shallow cylindrical structure is suitable to develop broadband vibration energy harvesters due to the property of the inherent mechanical bistability. In this letter, the optimum design of the bistable cylindrical shell for broadband energy harvesting application is investigated from the structural point of view. The output power is evaluated by the concept of the harvestable power, which balances the frequency of snap through and the referred output energy associated with each snap through. The non- dimensional harvestable power is analytically expressed as the function of the non-dimensional curvature parameter and one constructed parameter. The universal dependence of the optimal curvature parameter and the associated optimal harvestable power on the constructed parameter is derived, which can be well aooroximated by the linear relation in double logarithmic coordinate.

摘要：The structural complexity of supported metal catalysts,playing significant role in a wide range of chemical technologies,have prevented us from deeply understanding their catalytic mechanisms at atomic level.A fundamental understanding of the nature of active sites and structure–performance relationship of supported metal catalysts from a comprehensive view will open up numerous new opportunities for the development of advanced catalysts to address the global challenges in energy conversion and environmental *** review surveys the effects of multiple factors,including the metal size,shape,support,alloy and ligand modifier,on the coordinated environment of active center and further their influence on the catalytic reactions,aiming to provide guidance for the design of industrialized heterogeneous catalysts with extraordinary ***,the key structure characterization techniques in determining the coordination structure of active metal sites,especially the dynamic coordination structure change under the reaction condition,are well summarized.A brief summary is finally provided together with personal perspectives on the further development in the field of heterogeneous metal catalysts.

摘要：本文讨论了芝加哥伊利诺伊大学研发的几种用于人胰岛生理和病理生理学研究的微流体装置及其在人胰岛移植中的应用。首先介绍了作为l型糖尿病临床治疗的胰岛移植领域关键问题。随后,回顾了可以解决这些关键问题的微流体装置、每一种微流体装置的独特之处及他们的应用。此外,本文也简单地讨论了芝加哥伊利诺伊大学这几种微流体装置的设计和制造原理。

摘要：The development of new proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) with less adverse effects by lowering the pKa values of nitrogen atoms in pyrimidine rings has been previously suggested by our group. In this work, we proposed that new PPIs should have the following features:(1) number of ring II = number of ring I+ 1;(2) preferably five, six, or seven-membered heteroatomic ring for stability;and (3) 1<pKa1<4. Six molecular scaffolds based on the aforementioned criteria were constructed, and R groups were extracted from compounds in extensive data sources. A virtual molecule dataset was established, and the pKa values of specific atoms on the molecules in the dataset were calculated to select the molecules with required pKa values. Drug-likeness screening was further conducted to obtain the candidates that significantly reduced the adverse effects of long-term PPI use. This study provided insights and tools for designing targeted molecules in silico that are suitable for practical applications.