摘要：In the era of burgeoning breakthroughs around medical and biomedical technologies,personalizing our medicine still sounds like a dream yet to be *** cancer as an example,while the pool of anti-cancer therapeutic agents is tremendously large,pinpointing a drug or a combination of drugs that would always work out well for a given patient,remains quite impossible—in fact,we are not even close to this ideal *** an incapability,of course,originates primarily from the overly complex,volumetrically structured and dynamic microenvironments in a patient’s tumor,meaning that the same tumor as seen on Day 1 might be entirely different than when seen again a month later.

摘要：Paper devices have recently attracted considerable attention as a class of cost-effective cell culture substrates for various biomedical *** paper biomaterial can be used to partially mimic the in vivo cell microenvironments mainly due to its natural three-dimensional *** paper-based devices provide precise control over their structures as well as cell distributions,allowing recapitulation of certain interactions between the cells and the extracellular *** features have shown great potential for the development of normal and diseased human tissue *** this review,we discuss the fabrication of paper-based devices for in vitro tissue modeling,as well as the applications of these devices toward drug screening and personalized *** is believed that paper as a biomaterial will play an essential role in the field of tissue model engineering due to its unique performances,such as good biocompatibility,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and amenability to various biodesign and manufacturing needs.

摘要：The human gut microbiota is widely considered to be a metabolic organ hidden within our bodies,playing a crucial role in the host’s *** factors affect its composition,so a wide variety of microbes residing in the gut are present in the world *** excessive imbalances in microbial composition are often associated with human disorders and pathologies,and new investigative strategies to gain insight into these pathologies and define pharmaceutical therapies for their treatment are *** vitro models of the human gut microbiota are commonly used to study microbial fermentation patterns,community composition,and host-microbe *** and microfluidic devices have been designed to culture microorganisms from the human gut microbiota in a dynamic environment in the presence or absence of eukaryotic cells to interact *** this review,we will describe the overall elements required to create a functioning,reproducible,and accurate in vitro culture of the human gut *** addition,we will analyze some of the devices currently used to study fermentation processes and relationships between the human gut microbiota and host eukaryotic cells.

摘要：We report the development of a metastasis-on-a-chip platform to model and track hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)-bone metastasis and to analyze the inhibitory effect of an herb-based compound,thymoquinone(TQ),in hindering the migration of liver cancer cells into the bone *** bioreactor consisted of two chambers,one accommodating encapsulated HepG2 cells and one bone-mimetic niche containing hydroxyapatite(HAp).Above these chambers,amicroporous membrane was placed to resemble the vascular barrier,where medium was circulated over the *** was observed that the liver cancer cells proliferated inside the tumor microtissue and disseminated from the HCC chamber to the circulatory flow and eventually entered the bone *** number of metastatic HepG2 cells to the bone compartment was remarkably higher in the presence of HAp in the *** was then used as ametastasis-controlling agent in both free form and encapsulated nanoparticles,to analyze its suppressing effect on HCC *** indicated that the nanoparticle-encapsulated TQ provided a longer period of inhibitory *** summary,HCC-bone metastasis-on-a-chip platform was demonstrated to model certain key aspects of the cancer metastasis process,hence corroborating the potential of enabling investigations on metastasis-associated biology as well as improved anti-metastatic drug screening.

摘要：The three-dimensional (3D)bioprinting technology has progressed tremendously over the past *** controlling the size, shape,and architecture of the bioprinted constructs,3D bioprinting allows for the fabrication of tissue/organ-like constructs with strong structural-functional similarity with their in vivo counterparts at high *** bioink,a blend of biomaterials and living cells possessing both high biocompatibility and printability,is a critical component of *** particular, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)has shown its potential as a viable bioink material due to its suitable biocompatibility and readily tunable physicochemical *** GelMA-based bioinks and relevant bioprinting strategies for GelMA bioprinting are briefly reviewed.

摘要：Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is characterized by heterogeneous mutations and a refractory ***,the development of a model for effective drug screening is urgently *** the established therapeutic testing models for CCA are often ineffective,we fabricated an enabling three-dimensional(3D)-bioprinted CCA-on-a-chip model that to a good extent resembled the multicellular microenvironment and the anatomical microstructure of the hepato-vascular-biliary system to perform high-content antitumor drug ***,cholangiocytes,hepatocytes,and vascular endotheliocytes were employed for 3D bioprinting of the models,allowing for a high degree of spatial and tube-like microstructural ***,it was possible to observe CCA cells attached to the surfaces of the gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogelembedded microchannels and overgrown in a thickening manner,generating bile duct stenosis,which was expected to be analogous to the in vivo *** 4000 differentially expressed genes were detected in the CCA cells in our 3D coculture model compared to the traditional two-dimensional(2D)*** screening revealed that the CCA cells grown in the 3D traditional model were more sensitive to the antitumoral prodrug than those in the 2D monoculture due to drug biotransformation by the neighboring functional *** study provides proof-of-concept validation of our bioprinted CCA-on-a-chip as a promising drug screening model for CCA treatment and paves the way for potential personalized medicine strategies for CCA patients in the future.