摘要：Electrochemical energy conversion technologies involving processes such as water splitting and O_(2)/CO_(2) reduction,provide promising solutions for addressing global energy scarcity and minimizing adverse environmental ***,due to a lack of an in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms and the nature of the active sites,further advancement of these techniques has been limited by the development of efficient and robust ***,in situ characterization of these electrocatalytic processes under working conditions is *** this review,recent applications of in situ Raman spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy for various nano-and single-atom catalysts in energy-related reactions are *** cases are highlighted,including the capture of oxygen-containing intermediate species formed during the reduction of oxygen and oxidation of hydrogen,and the detection of catalyst structural transformations occurring with the change in potential during the evolution of oxygen and reduction of CO_(2).Finally,the challenges and outlook for advancing in situ spectroscopic technologies to gain a deeper fundamental understanding of these energy-related electrocatalytic processes are discussed.

摘要：Noble metal-reducible oxide interfaces have been regarded as one of the most active sites for water-gas shift ***,the molecular reaction mechanism of water-gas shift reaction at these interfaces still remains ***,water-gas shift reaction at Pt-NiO interfaces has been in-situ explored using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by construction of Au@Pt@NiO *** Raman spectroscopic evidence demonstrates that water-gas shift reaction at Pt-NiO interfaces proceeds via an associative mechanism with the carbonate species as a key *** carbonate species is generated through the reaction of adsorbed CO with gaseous water,and its decomposition is a slow step in water-gas shift ***,the Pt-NiO interfaces would promote the formation of this carbonate intermediate,thus leading to a higher activity compared with pure *** spectral information deepens the fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanism of water-gas shift reaction,which would promote the design of more efficient catalysts.

摘要：苯乙烯是一种基础的重要的化工原料。苯乙烯装置大型化的趋势明显。介绍了120万t/a苯乙烯装置工艺及联锁控制,对国内外苯乙烯装置工艺技术参数进行了比较,对装置内影响能耗、物耗较大的设计进行了讨论。

摘要：In order to design the scale model in a wide frequency range,a method based on the reflective loss is proposed according to the high-frequency approximation algorithm,and an example of designing the scale model of a plate-shaped absorber is given in this *** the example,the frequency of the full-size measurement ranges from 2.0 GHz to 2.4 GHz,the thickness of the full-size absorber is 1 mm and the scale ratio is 1/5.A two-layer scale absorber is obtained by the proposed *** thickness values of the bottom and top layer are 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm,***,the scattering properties of a plate model and an SLICY model are studied by FEKO to verify the effectiveness of the designed scale *** with the corresponding values from the theoretical scale model,the average values of the absolute deviations in 10 GHz～12 GHz are 0.53 d Bm^2,0.65 d Bm^2,0.76 d Bm^2 for the plate model and 0.20 d Bm^2,0.95 d Bm^2,0.77 d Bm^2 for the SLICY model while the incident angles are 0°,30°,and 60°,*** deviations fall within the Radar cross section（RCS） measurement ***,the work in this paper has important theoretical and practical significance.

摘要：In this paper, we present an ultrafast digitizer utilizing the DRS4 switched capacitor array applicationspecific integrated circuit to achieve an ultrafast sampling speed of at most 5 GS/s. We cascaded all eight channels(sub-channels) of a single DRS4 chip for increased storage depth. The digitizer contains four DRS4 chips, a quadchannel analog-to-digital converter,a controlling fieldprogrammable gate array, a PXI interface, and an SFP+connector. Consequently, each DRS4 channel has a depth of 8192 points and a vertical resolution of 14 bits. The readout sequences should be broken into several segments and then reordered to obtain the correct sequential data sets, and this offline procedure varies in different readout modes. This paper describes the design and implementation of the hardware;in particular, the respective processing procedures are described in detail. Furthermore, the offset error is calibrated and corrected to improve the precision of the captured waveform in both single-channel and highresolution modes.

摘要：Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density and low material ***,the conventional ether-based electrolytes of Li-S batteries are extremely flammable and have high solubility of lithium polysulfides(LiPS),resulting in a high safety risk and a poor life ***,we report an ether/carbonate co-solvent fluorinated electrolyte with a special solvation sheath of Li^(+),which can prevent the formation of dissoluble long-chain LiPS of the sulfur cathode,restrict Li dendrite growth at the anode side,and show fire resistance in combustion *** a result,the proposed Li-S batteries with 70 wt%sulfur content in its cathode deliver stable life cycle,low self-discharge ratio,and intrinsic ***,the unique passivation characteristics of the designed fluorinated electrolyte break several critical limitations of the traditional“liquid phase”-based Li-S batteries,offering a facile and promising way to develop long-life and high-safety Li-S batteries.

摘要：以5,7,4'-三羟基-8-甲氧基黄酮(MF)为先导物,以现有的神经氨酸酶(NA)抑制剂类药物的结构特征为参考,设计了一系列的三羟基甲氧基黄酮衍生物,并运用分子对接与分子动力学相结合的方法进行了筛选及作用机制分析.分子对接结果表明,功能团(羧基及胍基/氮-乙酰氨基)的引入并未影响衍生物在酶活性腔中的结合位置,衍生物的结构与相互作用能之间存在一定的联系.将羧基和胍基作为替代基团引入到MF的C7及C5位上所得的新化合物(9)在所合成的衍生物中具有最好的结合能力(-1172.52 kJ/mol),远远优于现有先导药物4-(氮-乙酰氨基)-5-胍基-3-(3-戊氧基)安息香酸(BA)和MF与NA的结合能力(-672.12和-347.44 kJ/mol).进一步的作用机制分析发现,在神经氨酸酶活性腔中,化合物9的羧基和胍基的空间取向与现有药物中这两个基团的空间取向一致,且化合物9与先导药物MF一样,能与活性腔内保守残基Asp151和Glu227发生较强的相互作用.因此可认为化合物9是一种具有应用潜质的新型神经氨酸酶抑制剂.本研究结果为实验研究和设计抗流感药物提供了可行性思路.

摘要：鉴于离心式加速度场模拟试验系统的需要,研制了一种大量程六维力传感器。在力传感器传统设计方法基础上,重点分析了传感器结构优化、材料选型、加工工艺、惯性耦合补偿等控制环节的影响。利用有限元方法对所设计的六维力传感器维间耦合、加速度场惯性效应耦合及输入输出关系进行仿真分析;借助相应的标定系统,实现六维力耦合效应的标定测试和耦合矩阵的获取,基于标定误差矩阵建立六维力传感器惯性效应补偿;静/动态实验结果表明所设计的大量程六维力传感器完全满足大加速场下力测试精度和稳定性要求。

摘要：采用振动传递理论分析了接缝刚度对振动跨缝传递特性的影响机制,并通过40万次缩尺度室内疲劳加载测试,验证了接缝边界损伤对振动传递特性的影响规律,据此建立了基于振动传递率的接缝损伤感知方法。依托6块水泥混凝土路面板接缝的振动传递率实测结果,并与弯沉比检测结果进行对比,检验振动传递率感知接缝损伤的实际效果。结果表明:接缝两侧振动传递率与接缝刚度显著相关(相关系数>0.8),在不同季节和不同接缝的重复性测试中振动传递率均能够灵敏、准确地感知接缝损伤(刚度损失比识别精度为±0.069),验证了该接缝损伤感知方法的可靠性。

摘要：文中设计了一种同步控制系统,旨在提高断路器合成试验的成功率。首先,设计了同步控制系统硬件电路。其次,针对电流源电流在零点区域近似线性的特点,简化电流模型,编写了预测电流零点程序。根据试验结果,电压回路的实际触发时间与设定时间的误差小于50μs,延弧回路的实际触发时间与设定时间的误差小于40μs。误差满足设计要求,可以保证合成试验的等效性,验证了文中所设计的合成试验同步控制系统的有效性和适用性。