摘要：AIM： To present the rationale, design, methodology, and the baseline data of the Beijing Desheng Diabetic Eye Study（BDDES）, and to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy（DR） and possible risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） in an urban community of Beijing, ***： Community-based prospective cohort study of persons diagnosed with T2DM aged 30 y or older. The main variables of interest are the presence and progression of DR as determined by the standardized ETDRS grading of seven fields fundus photographs. The presence and severity of DR were analyzed for possible correlations to non-genetic and genetic ***： A total of 1438 participants with data available for analysis, the prevalence of any DR was 35.4%. The prevalence of mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy（NPDR）, moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 27.7%, 2.6%, 0.5% and 4.5%, respectively. By multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors for the presence of any DR included male（P=0.031）, lower income level（P=0.011）, lower education background（P=0.022）, longer duration of diabetes（P=0.001）, younger age at diabetic onset（P=0.001）, higher systolic blood pressure（P=0.007）, higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1 c levels（P=0.001）, high albuminuria（P=0.03）, and use of insulin（P〈0.001）. For vision-threatening DR, four factors were significant： younger age at diabetic onset（P〈0.001）,higher systolic blood pressure（P=0.042）, high albuminuria（P〈0.001）, and use of insulin（P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： The BDDES is the first large-scale ongoing cohort study of a Chinese urban population of persons with type 2 diabetes. Using standardized grading system comparable to large cohort studies from western populations, our baseline data shows that the prevalence of DR and major risk factors in this Chinese ethnic population are comparable to that found in the western population studies.

摘要：The output-feedback stabilization control problem is investigated for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems. Based on the multivariable analog of circle criterion, an observer is designed to estimate the system states and hence the dynamical equations that the estimation error satisfies are derived first. Then, by using integral backstepping approach together with completing square technique, the output-feedback stabilization control is constructively designed such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the main results of this paper.

摘要：“一带一路”国际文化创意园雕塑艺术馆作为呼和浩特市城市新文化地标性建筑,其外墙为保温一体清水混凝土墙体,局部为弧形墙体,极具艺术气息,符合雕塑艺术馆的特有气质。同时对清水混凝土墙体一次性成活的施工工艺及质量控制要求较高,通过对清水混凝土的原材料控制、配合比设计、钢筋、模板、混凝土浇筑等多种途径进行清水混凝土质量控制,提出针对超高、超厚保温一体清水混凝土墙体、弧形清水混凝土墙体质量的施工方法,可为类似工程施工提供参考。

摘要：针对鱼鹰优化算法无法求解多目标优化问题,提出一种多目标鱼鹰优化算法.首先引入存档机制存储非支配解,促进算法的收敛;然后使用顶级鱼鹰个体选择机制从存档中选择最优鱼鹰个体;最后使用自适应差分t分布变异增强算法的全局搜索能力.将所提算法与其他5种算法在CEC2020多模态多目标测试集中15个函数上进行测试,实验结果表明,所提算法得到的帕累托最优解集具有良好的多样性和收敛性.此外,通过焊接梁设计问题的实验对比分析,验证了所提算法在实际应用中的有效性和实用性.

摘要：为了改善无油润滑摆盘压缩机的活塞环偏磨现象,针对两类典型防自转结构下的摆盘压缩机,构建摆盘处球铰及连杆的运动模型,并以周期运动内连杆平均倾角最小为优化目标,提出基于遗传算法的气缸分布圆半径优化设计方法。研究表明,在锥齿轮防自转结构下,各相位气缸对应的最优分布圆半径相同;在滚子直导槽防自转结构下,各相位气缸对应的最优分布圆半径不同,但可采用均值作为统一的分布圆半径,对各相位连杆平均倾角的影响很小,低于5‰;当摆盘倾角在25°以内时,在两类防自转结构下摆盘压缩机的最优气缸分布圆半径设计值几乎相同。将本优化设计方法应用于多种现有摆盘机构,连杆平均倾角降低约为21.4%~28.6%,活塞侧向力峰值降低约为19.5%~49.6%。本优化设计方法可有效改善活塞环偏磨现象。

摘要：Ski tourism is extremely sensitive to climate change and is also heavily affected by socioeconomic *** some ski areas arestill profitable under current climate and socioeconomic conditions,they will become difficult to operate in the face of rising winter temper-atures,which will result in further economic losses,resource waste and environmental *** study projects variability in the suitability ofski area development across China in the coming *** suitability under three representative concentration pathway emission sce-narios(RCP2.6,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5),socioeconomic suitability under four shared socioeconomic pathways(SSP1,SSP2,SSP3,and SSP5)andintegrated suitability under four climatic-socioeconomic scenarios(RCP2.6-SSP1,RCP4.5-SSP2,RCP8.5-SSP3,and RCP8.5-SSP5)are ***,the suitability of 731 existing ski areas in China is *** results show a substantial decline in integrated suitabilityfor most regions of China except for some very cold areas,where higher air temperatures will make visitors feel more comfortable and therelatively poor socioeconomic conditions will improve in the 2030s,2050s and *** average higher integrated suitability area(integratedsuitability values greater than 0.5)under four climatic-socioeconomic scenarios decreases from the current 29.9%e14.4%,5.0%and 4.5%bythe 2030s,2050s and 2090s,*** RCP2.6-SSP1,the higher integrated suitability area is projected to decrease from the current28.0%e5.2%by the 2050s and then increase to 5.3%by the *** RCP4.5-SSP2,RCP8.5-SSP3,and RCP8.5-SSP5,the higher inte-grated suitability area is projected to continuously decrease from 30.3%,30.6%and 30.6%in the 2010s to 4.1%,4.4%and 4.4%in the 2090s,*** the 2090s,41,138 and 277 existing ski areas are projected to be closed under RCP2.6-SSP1,RCP4.5-SSP2,and RCP8.5-SSP3/RCP8.5-SSP5,*** is clear that emission pathways and climate change adaptation and mitigation

摘要：液晶回音壁模式(WGM)传感技术结合了液晶材料的高敏感性和光学WGM的高精度特性,在物质检测、环境监测和生物医疗等领域具有广阔的应用前景。为提升传感测量的精度和灵敏度,除了改善传感器的结构特性以外,如提高品质因子、实现窄线宽、提升波长移动范围等,准确标定WGM光谱谱线是一个重要内容。然而,实际应用中,WGM光谱的非规则分布给谱线标定带来了挑战。本文针对此问题提出了一种基于Savitzky-Golay(SG)滤波和高斯平滑的WGM非规则光谱标定方法,并提出了光谱标定的对称性、高线性和合理性三原则。将WGM光谱标定分为规则和非规则两类。对于规则光谱,具有良好的洛伦兹线型和高斯包络轮廓,可以选择最高强度谱线或中心波长,或者具有相同自由光谱范围(FSR)的相邻模式谱线作为谐振波长。而对于非规则光谱,可以分为三类:(1)光谱缺峰和强度突变,主要由于谐振条件的损耗变化所致;(2)光谱非规则劈裂,液晶微腔中可能存在微小的缺陷或杂质,导致光谱的非对称劈裂;(3)混合型变化光谱,受到复杂测量环境的影响,可能出现多种不规则变化。通过SG滤波和高斯平滑处理,有效地恢复光谱的对称性,提升拟合线性度,实现光谱标定。为验证该方法的有效性,根据不同类型光谱标定情况,分别设计了利用液晶WGM对不同生物分子的传感实验,包括胰蛋白酶(浓度0.75~2.00μg·mL^(-1))、pH(4.55~6.86)、DNA(浓度90~490μg·mL^(-1))等。实验结果表明,采用本文方法和三原则进行液晶WGM光谱标定和谐振峰选取,传感灵敏度的线性度均在0.99以上,具有较好的可靠性和稳定性。该研究创新之处在于提出了针对液晶WGM光谱非规则分布的有效标定方法和三原则,为提高液晶WGM传感测量的准确性和有效性提供了有效解决方案和重要的理论和方法支持,具有重要的应用和理论意义。

摘要：为进一步降低花生联合收获清选除杂过程中荚果损失率高、含杂率高等问题,重点研究了花生混合物(花生荚果—茎秆—土杂)基本物理参数和悬浮特性,创新提出了一种风筛组合式花生清选装置。该振动筛上筛采取锯齿式结构,下筛采取孔式结构,增加了花生混合物运动距离,提高了花生混合物清选效率。为确定振动筛最佳工作参数,结合EDEM仿真软件,建立了花生荚果—茎秆—土杂离散元模型,系统分析了振动筛往复作业过程中花生混合物的运动轨迹,并以振动筛振幅、频率和倾角为试验因素,以损失率和含杂率为试验指标进行试验优化分析,通过Design Expert 10试验分析软件Optimization,对试验结果进行优化。结果表明:在振动筛最佳工作参数下,即振幅为5.4 mm、频率为24 Hz、倾角为8°时,花生混合物损失率为1.57%,含杂率为1.19%。

摘要：风景园林设计类课程改革以PBL模式为基础,始终以任务、问题为导向,设置参与体验式的教学情景,旨在互动的过程中培养学生的团队协作能力及实践应用能力,解决目前风景园林学科教学理念滞后、教学模式单一等问题。在教学模式建构与实践的过程中发现,学生在参与体验的教学环节中,专注力更好,团队协作和设计能力有一定的提高,课程思政育人成效也显著提升。研究结果表明,基于PBL模式的风景园林设计类课程教学模式改革能有效增强学生的设计能力、应用能力和创新能力。

摘要：随着智能技术的不断发展，生成式人工智能（Generative Artificial Intelligence,GenAI）在教育领域的应用日益广泛，这为课堂教学带来了新的可能，然而当前研究较少从微观视角分析GenAI参与的课堂活动发生了何种变化。基于此，文章通过案例分析法挑选国内外16个教学视频进行分析，提出了四条GenAI支持下的课堂活动应用路径，进而通过梳理活动主体和交互行为，提炼出六种GenAI支持下的课堂活动实践样态。研究发现，GenAI能够丰富课堂交互，担任多种课堂角色，并在不同认知层次的课堂活动上提供支持，从而促使教师结合学科背景和教学目标，有针对性地设计GenAI辅助的课堂活动，以充分发挥其潜力，构建人机协同的课堂。文章通过研究，旨在刻画GenAI如何重塑课堂活动，为教育工作者提供理论参考与实践启示，助力探索未来课堂教学的新方向。